航道碎冰条件下极地船舶冰压力分布特性

[目的]为研究船舶与碎冰作用过程中船体冰压力的分布情况,对航道碎冰条件下的极地船舶进行数值模拟分析。[方法]采用离散元法（DEM）对船舶与碎冰进行建模,假设碎冰是由理想的二维圆盘构成,并考虑海流对碎冰单元的浮力、拖曳力及附加质量的影响;利用MT Uikku号冰水池模型试验结果对数值模型进行验证,对比分析不同航速和冰况对船体区域冰压力的影响。[结果]结果显示,当船舶在航道碎冰中运动时,冰载荷主要集中在船首;船首区域的冰压力随冰厚、航速和碎冰密集度的增加而增大,其中冰厚是影响冰压力幅值最大的因素;碎冰区航行船舶的首部区域冰压力影响最大,船首过渡区冰压力影响显著。[结论]所提数值分析方法可为极地船舶安全航行和结构设计提供一定的参考。     

不同敏感性参数下船舶-碎冰碰撞的船体结构响应

基于我国第七次北极科学考察获得的夏季北极海冰空间分布情况,模拟真实碎冰分布,采用LS-DYNA软件中的流固耦合方法,研究在船舶航速、碎冰尺度、碎冰厚度及碎冰密集度等因素影响下船舶-碎冰碰撞的船体结构响应。结合试验数据得到船体结构的应力、吸能和碰撞力。结果表明：船舶-碎冰的主要碰撞区域为艏部及舷侧的水线附近;在船舶航行于碎冰域时,船体结构的应力、吸能和碰撞力的峰值随碎冰域的船舶航速、碎冰尺度、碎冰厚度及碎冰密集度的增加而增加,但分布情况不同。研究结果为船舶在极地冰区航行提供一定的安全性参考。     

输冰、碎冰组合生产线

广州西站冰厂为过往的冷藏车加冰.其工作过程为输冰机将冰块输送到碎冰机,破碎后加到冷藏车内.破碎前冰块外形尺寸为780 mm×610 mm × 310 mm,破碎后粒度约为140 mm.     

碎冰海域航标维护船船型设计及阻力性能研究

碎冰海域中的航标需维修人员及时、安全、高效地检查和维护,所以以中小型单体航标船为基础,满足碎冰海域的维护功能和性能要求,将在与推进操纵方式相匹配的船体尾部线型、与碎冰直接接触的船首几何形状两方面开展船型方案设计,并运用数值仿真技术分别对静水阻力和碎冰阻力进行分析,探究在碎冰海域中具有较好阻力性能的船型。     

船舶数字碎冰场构建与冰阻力计算方法研究

为验证数值方法计算精度,预报极地碎冰区船舶所受冰阻力,本文依据冰池试验中生成的碎冰航道以粒子喷射的方式构建相应的数字碎冰场,采用球形粒子填充的方式创建碎冰的离散元模型并与CFD方法相结合计算船舶在碎冰域所受冰阻力.依据HSVA冰池对某冰区油船开展的基于模型冰厚分别为37.1 mm、39.8 mm、46.3 mm及49.4 mm四种条件下的冰池试验,数值模拟了在同等试验条件下船舶所受冰的阻力.对比冰池试验,数值模拟过程中碎冰的运动状态、船冰间相互作用模式与冰池试验现象完全吻合,船体所受冰阻力计算误差在合理范围内,最大误差为29.45％.     

Ship resistance in random ice field of small ice floes made of the substitute material北大核心CSCD

［Objectives］This study focuses on the feasibility of a ship resistance model test in an ice field of small ice floes made of substitute material in order to reveal the resistance components and thereby provide technical support for the design of ice-going ships. ［Methods ］ Ship resistance test in ice floes made of polypropylene (PP) instead of natural refrigerated ice is conducted. By adjusting the sizes, shapes, numbers of ice floes, the random ice field with a given concentration is generated. The geometric phase transition theory predicts that there exists a critical concentration which divides the random ice field into discrete phase (concentration is less than critical value) and connected phase (concentration is greater than critical value). ［Results］The main components of ice resistance in the discrete phase are open water resistance and ship-ice collision resistance, while ice resistance in the connected phase includes ice friction resistance, open water friction resistance and collision resistance. If the fractal dimension of the random ice field is used to redefine the ice resistance coefficient, it is nearly constant in the trial range (speed 0.3–0.9 m/s) when the concentration is smaller than the critical value. When the concentration is greater than the critical value, the ice friction resistance is inversely proportional to speed. ［Conclusions］Polypropylene can replace frozen ice in the prediction of ice resistance. The pure ice resistance of an ice field is divided into two components: ice resistance arising from collision and ice friction resistance arising from accumulation. © 2022 Journal of Clinical Hepatology. All rights reserved.