铁路企业含酸废水的处理

就含酸废水排被超标对环境的巨大影响．结合近年含硫酸废水的各种治理及资源化管理．从回收、利用和中和处理3个方面，结合铁路企业的实际情况．着重介绍废硫酸的回收再利用及中和治理两方面。     

溶剂萃取法在分别测定Cr^3＋与Cr^6＋中的应用

本文简述了国内外应用溶剂萃取法结合原子吸收、原子发射光谱等分析技术分别测定Cr~(3 )与Cr~(6 )的最新进展,着重介绍了应用最为广泛的二硫代氨基甲酸盐(APCD、DTC)和叔胺(N235)、季铵盐(N263、Aliquat336)萃取法,及其分析环境、生物样品时的有关技术参数。在水体中,Cr~(6 )以含氧形态存在,Cr~(3 )以易形成动力学惰性络合物形态存在。由于水解、水合、聚合等作用的影响,Cr~(6 )的存在形态与溶液PH、溶液中Cr~(6 )总浓度等因素有关,海水中,当pH=1～5时,在<10~(-4)M溶液中只有HCrO~-存在;当pH=8～9时,只有CrO~(2-)存在。Cr~(3 )的存在形态与溶液PH、温度及存在的阴离子种类有关,存在非络合阴离子(例如ClO~-)时,以Cr(H_2O)_6~(3 )和水合产物Cr(H_2O)_5OH~(2 )(pH=4.6)、Cr(H_2O)_4(OH)_2~ (pH>4.6)的形态存在。C~(3 ) 与乙二胺和EDTA配位体易络合形成稳定络合物。根据热力学理论推算,海水中铬主要以Cr~(6 )存在,lg[(Cr~(6 ))/(Cr~(3 ))]>20,而实际分析数据却表明,海水中Cr~(3 )的含量超过Cr~(6 ),对此,可能是:1.Cr~(6 )作为主要价态的Cr~(3 )—C~(6 )动力学平衡只是缓缓达到的,2.因为缺乏适当数据,一些有关的平衡和反应,比如Cr~(3 )的有机络合物、Cr~(6 )被有机物还原,在热力学模式中被忽略,3.分析前海水经0.45μm的过滤,>0.45μm的颗粒中沾有较多的Cr~(6 [3])。     

用溶剂萃取法改进水的净化

位于美国路易斯安那州拉斐特市的国际油田服务/设备供应企业——杰利联合有限公司开发了一种被称为溶剂萃取法的水净化改良技术,并取得了专利。该系统中除了采用加压气浮和分离原理的设备以外,还添加了一种享有专利权的溶剂气体。这种溶剂气体可加速水的净化,能基本实现100％去除游离油,并能去除大量的溶解油、其它碳氢化合物以及如长链阻蚀剂、乳胶分解体之类的化学物。     

以稻壳为载体培养高效丙烯腈降解菌

研究了以稻壳为载体培养高效丙烯腈(AN)降解菌及其影响因素,并对丙烯腈的降解性能进行了测定。结果表明:在优化的条件下,培养的降解菌对丙烯腈具有高效降解性能,当初始浓度为403.2mg/L时,平均降解速率为16.9mg·L~(-1)·h~(-1),去除率达到98.1％,其适宜的pH和温度分别是6.5和20℃。     

Rapid determination of volatile constituents in safflower from Xinjiang and Henan by ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction and GC-MS

The total volatile components were extracted from safflower by ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction （USE） and their chemical constituents were analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry （GC-MS） to provide scientific basis for the quality control of safflower. Five different solvents （diethyl ether, ethanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and acetone） were used and compared in terms of number of volatile components extracted and the peak areas of these components in TIC. The results showed that USE could be used as an efficient and rapid method for extracting the volatile components from safflower. It also could be found that the number of components in the TIC of ethyl acetate extract was more than that in the TIC of other solvent ones. Meanwhile, the volatile components of safflower from Xinjiang Autonomous Region and Henan Province of China were different in chemical components and relative contents. It could be concluded that both the extraction solvents and geographical origin of safflower are responsible for these differences. The experimental results also indicated that USE/GC-MS is a simple, rapid and effective method to analyze the volatile oil components of safflower.