Fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon in three estuarine systems of the Cantabrian Sea (north of Spain)

The diffusive and in situ fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) have been measured and an estimation has been made of the water–atmosphere fluxes of CO₂ in three estuarine systems of the Cantabrian Sea during the spring of 1998. Each of these systems undergoes a different anthropogenic influence. The diffusive fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity obtained present values ranging between 0.54–2.65 and 0.0–2.4 mmol m⁻² day⁻¹, respectively. These ranges are in agreement with those of other coastal systems. The in situ fluxes are high and extremely variable (35–284 mmol TA m⁻² day⁻¹, 43–554 mmol DIC m⁻² day⁻¹ and 22–261 mmol dissolved oxygen (DO) m⁻² day⁻¹), because the systems studied are very heterogeneous. The values of the ratio of the in situ fluxes of TA and DIC show on average that the rate of dissolution of CaCO₃ is 0.37 times that of organic carbon oxidation. Equally, the interval of variation of the relationship between the benthic fluxes of inorganic carbon and oxygen (F_DIC/F_DO) is very wide (0.3–13.9), which demonstrates the different contributions made by the processes of aerobic and anaerobic degradation of the organic matter, as well as by the dissolution–precipitation of CaCO₃. The water–atmosphere fluxes of CO₂ present a clear dependence on the salinity. The brackish water of these systems (salinity<20), where maximum fluxes of 989 mmol m⁻² day⁻¹ have been estimated, act as a source of CO₂ to the atmosphere. The more saline zones of the estuary (salinity>30) act as a sink of CO₂, with fluxes between −5 and −10 mmol m⁻² day⁻¹.     

强化胎盘因子对细胞因子产生的影响

在观察了强化胎盘因子对淋巴细胞增殖试验影响的基础上,应用CTLL-2和7TD_1两种细胞株对强化胎盘因子刺激后的小鼠脾脏细胞分泌白细胞介素-2(IL-2)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平分别进行了实验研究。结果表明,强化胎盘因子促进T淋巴细胞增殖,使小鼠脾脏细胞分泌IL-2和IL-6水牛均明显提高,有增强机体免疫功能的作用。     

Organic carbon budget for the Gulf of Bothnia

We calculated input of organic carbon to the unproductive, brackish water basin of the Gulf of Bothnia from rivers, point sources and the atmosphere. We also calculated the net exchange of organic carbon between the Gulf of Bothnia and the adjacent marine system, the Baltic Proper. We compared the input with sinks for organic carbon; permanent incorporation in sediments and mineralization and subsequent evasion of CO₂ to the atmosphere. The major fluxes were riverine input (1500 Gg C year^− 1), exchange with the Baltic Proper (depending on which of several possible DOC concentration differences between the basins that was used in the calculation, the flux varied between an outflow of 466 and an input of 950 Gg C year^− 1), sediment burial (1100 Gg C year^− 1) and evasion to the atmosphere (3610 Gg C year^− 1). The largest single net flux was the emission of CO₂ to the atmosphere, mainly caused by bacterial mineralization of organic carbon. Input and output did not match in our budget which we ascribe uncertainties in the calculation of the exchange of organic carbon between the Gulf of Bothnia and the Baltic Proper, and the fact that CO₂ emission, which in our calculation represented 1 year (2002) may have been overestimated in comparison with long-term means. We conclude that net heterotrophy of the Gulf of Bothnia was due to input of organic carbon from both the catchment and from the Baltic Proper and that the future degree of net heterotrophy will be sensible to both catchment export of organic carbon and to the ongoing eutrophication of the Baltic Proper.     

浅议既有线CTCS2区段车站ZPW-2000A闭环电码化

本文从设计的角度,介绍了ZPW-2000A闭环电码化在既有线CTCS2区段的设计方案及其方案的完善。     

C2H2作燃料的DF化学激光器燃烧室反应的数值分析

本文选用C2H2作为DF化学激光器燃烧室燃料,采用最小自由能法计算了C2H2-NF3体系不同配比下的燃烧温度和平衡组分,为进行这方面的实验提供了参考。     

超高速实验车驱动方案设计及优化

研究速度在400-1000km／h的超高速实验车重接式电磁驱动方案,讨论重接式电磁驱动的电路结构和运动方程。在Maxwell3D瞬态场中搭建了驱动系统仿真模型,分析不同初始速度下,三级驱动系统受力特性和加速规律。针对系统运动特性和效率问题,提出驱动电路优化方案,使得发射体运动特性改善、效率提高。仿真结果表明：通过合理分配驱动单元,应用重接式电磁驱动的超高速实验车,可在短时间内被加速达到超高速的目标。     

E2地震作用下减隔振桥梁的抗震设计

以某减隔振桥梁为例,建立该桥的三维有限元模型,考虑桩-土相互作用的影响,并根据混凝土和钢筋的材料特性,选取适宜的动力弹塑性本构模型,同时模拟了弹塑性减隔振球型钢支座,并采用人工拟合的3条地震动时程曲线对该桥进行了E2地震作用下的弹塑性时程分析,验算该桥在E2地震作用下的强度及变形。经过详细的验算与分析,验证了本桥设计的安全性和可靠性,并为实际工程中的非规则桥梁在E2地震作用下的抗震验算提供参考依据。     

Inventor参数化变压器三维结构设计

从铁道牵引变压器标准化的结构基本参数入手,利用Inventor软件采用Top-down设计思路,通过变压器基本参数建立结构骨架,然后与上级模块配合细化结构参数,完成初步结构设计,对结构优化完善,建立自适应模块,充实通用件库,最终完成总装配,生成与3D图参数关联的传统2D图纸,完成牵引变压器的设计。     

HX_D2B型大功率交流电力机车辅助电路设计

介绍了HXD2B型大功率交流传动电力机车辅助电路系统的构成,并对辅助电路工作原理、辅助负载运行管理及辅助电路保护系统进行了详细阐述.此系统性能可靠,目前已完成型式试验及线路运行考核,应用状况良好.     

基于三维坐标测量轨道几何形位的计算模型

为改进基于CPⅢ轨道控制网测量技术的地铁无砟轨道几何形位精调的测量精度与效率,提出一种基于三维坐标测量轨道几何形位的方法。通过对轨道几何形位检测点进行三维坐标测量,以轨道控制网CPⅢ点作为测量基准点,采用轨道几何形位与检测点的三维解析几何关系,建立三维坐标测量轨道几何形位的计算模型。现场无砟轨道试验段的测试结果表明,三维坐标测量可有效对轨道几何形位进行测量,测量精度满足规范要求的无砟轨道几何形位测量精度指标。