台北盆地深开挖大规模群井抽水试验三维水文地质分析

基于台北盆地大量且大范围之地质钻探及地下水量测资料,并应用3D有限差分地下水流分析程序GMS内建之MODFLOW模块,尝试建立台北盆地之区域水文地质概念模型(regional hydrogeological conceptual model)。此概念模式藉由台北捷运深开挖中之大规模群井抽水试验结果验证其正确性及适用性。同时,抽水试验中之地下水位泄降量等资料亦被使用于景美砾石层受限(confined)含水层水力参数之分析及评估。最后,边界效应、补注及垂直渗流(leakage)亦将进行初步探讨,做为后续类似工程之参考。     

国道210线树林召至东胜段公路改建工程地质问题分析

以国道210线树林召-东胜段公路改建工程为研究对象,经过现场地质调查,从地形地貌、区域构造、地层特点及路基填料适应性等方面对其进行宏观地质评价。本研究对附近地质背景相近的公路建设项目评价有一定借鉴意义。     

A trace metal (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu) balance for surface waters in the eastern Gotland Basin, Baltic Sea

Trace metal inventories and transboundary fluxes were estimated for the surface waters of the eastern Gotland Basin, and a mass balance for this water body was derived.The study area was delineated by a box which bordered vertically by the sea surface and the halocline and horizontally by the coast of Gotland and the coast of Latvia/Lithuania. For the calculation of the trace metal inventories in the box, a high-resolution sampling was carried out during different seasons. Additional sediment trap studies were performed to calculate the vertical particulate trace metal fluxes through the halocline.The following transboundary fluxes have been estimated: (a) atmospheric input of trace metals; (b) lateral transport from adjacent bodies of surface water; (c) diapycnal fluxes of dissolved trace metals at the halocline; (d) sinking of trace metals, associated with particles, through the halocline, (e) vertical advection through the halocline.The lateral transport into and out of the surface box is important for the metals (Cd, Cu, Zn) with “nutrient-like” behaviour. For particle reactive elements like lead, vertical sedimentation and lateral transport out of the box as much as atmospheric input and lateral input into the box are in the same order of magnitude. Turbulent diapycnal mixing plays a minor role compared to the advective fluxes.The estimated range for the residence times for the region under investigation are  0.5–1.3 years for Pb;  2–11 years for Zn,  7–36 years for Cd and 42–89 years for Cu. This demonstrates that the system reacts very fast for particle reactive elements like Pb, while for copper sedimentation processes are not the preferential sink and can be neglected.     

乐清湾港池试挖槽回淤监测

乐清湾为典型强潮海湾,具有潮差大、潮流强、风浪掩护条件好、含沙量较小的特点。试挖槽回淤监测表明,正常天气情况下回淤强度不大,且冬、夏季基本相当。通过“莫拉克”台风期间的回淤监测,以及工程区沉积水动力环境和泥沙来源分析判断,台风对乐清湾港池淤积的影响较小,港池发生骤淤的可能性不大,乐清湾具备“浅水深用”的建港条件。     

Evolution of the open-sea eddy ALGERS'98 in the Algerian Basin with Lagrangian trajectories and remote sensing observations

The westward evolution of an open-sea anticyclonic eddy along the western Algerian Basin is shown, for the first time, by means of 15 buoy trajectories and remote sensing observations. For 3 months, the buoy trajectories described several anticyclonic loops in periods of 4–21 days. The eddy's movement, translation, and rotation were separated with a kinematic model, resulting in a mean translation speed of 2 km/day, which fits the self-propulsion speed predicted on theoretical models for isolated eddies on a beta plane. Fluctuations in translation speed were associated with advection of the mean flow and topographic interactions. Both mechanisms changed the eddy's horizontal shape from circular to elliptical, inducing fluctuations in its swirl velocity and solid-body rotation. The initial stage of the eddy is an isolated asymmetric dipole, comprised by a small cyclone and a large anticyclone, the latter generated from a frontal instability, which under the Coriolis term acquires anticyclonic relative vorticity. During its first days of life, the anticyclonic eddy was shallow Ro=0.9 and small (diameter less than 50 km). Later on, it reached a diameter of 150 km and a vertical structure of 3 km (Ro=0.1). A retrospective analysis with infrared images shows that the eddy's generation took place at about 3–4°E. Then, the eddy completed a counterclockwise circuit never before reported in other studies and ended up at the entrance of the Algerian Basin, where the interaction with the topography and the coastal instability induced its decay. The eddy's life span was 10 months. Computations of the heating rate following clusters of buoy trajectories show fluctuations throughout the eddy's journey, induced by advection and a seasonal warming.     

长江上游流域径流年内分配特征分析

根据长江上游主要测站径流资料,分析了年内分配不均匀系数、集中度和集中期、变化幅度等特性。分析站点包括金沙江屏山站、岷江高场站、嘉陵江北碚站、长江上游干流寸滩站及乌江武隆站。结果表明:北碚站的不均匀性要大于其它站点;北碚站集中性最大,而武隆站最小;武隆站的径流集中期大部分为6月下旬,其它站集中期在7—8月;北碚站的相对变化幅度要大于其它站点,而屏山站最小。进一步应用Kendall秩次相关法分析各站的径流年内分配特征年际变化情况,发现高场站的不均匀性系数、集中度、相对变化幅度存在明显减少趋势。     

The impact of exceptionally warm summer inflow events on the environmental conditions in the Bornholm Basin

In late summer 2002 and 2003, exceptionally warm inflow events of saline water were observed in the Baltic. These warm saline waters were embedded in the halocline of the Bornholm Basin and caused a strong anomaly of the seasonal temperature cycle. The temperature in October 2002 was the highest ever observed in the halocline of the Bornholm Basin.Although the oxygen content of the inflowing water was only about 1.5 ml l^− 1 at the Darss Sill, it caused a moderate ventilation of the halocline in the Bornholm Basin. On the way through the Arkona Basin, the entrainment of ambient water increased the oxygen content of the inflowing saline water masses.Warm summer inflows were rare events in the last 50 years, but their frequency has increased since 1990. This is likely caused by climate change. The analysis of a 50-year time series of hydrographic parameters reveals significant changes of the thermal regime around the year 1988. The winter surface and intermediate water temperatures of the Bornholm Basin increased by about 1 °C. Also, the duration of warm water in the surface layer was prolonged after 1988. A high correlation between the minimum intermediate winter water temperatures and the NAO winter index was found.Since temperature is a key parameter for many biological processes various responses of the ecosystem to the change in hydrographic conditions could be expected. Possible biological implications of the warm inflow events for the ecosystem are discussed.     

公路隔油沉淀池设计探讨

随着我国社会经济的不断发展,人们对自然生态环境的保护意识和可持续发展观念日益增强。公路隔油沉淀池是路面（桥面）径流污水处理系统中的重要组成部分,但由于现行公路规范中未明确其设计方法,故工程技术人员进行相关设计时常常感到不便。基于公路隔油沉淀池的工作原理,结合云南省多个公路隔油沉淀池的设计经验,对目前公路隔油沉淀池设计中存在的问题及其应用设计进行分析和探讨,以期为公路隔油沉淀池的设计和应用提供参考。     

关于西江(广东界首——肇庆段)通航资源的研究

西江是南中国一条资源密集的"金腰带",是连接沿海发达地区和大西南的黄金水道。本文对西江航道整治前后的通航环境进行了分析,并对合理开发、利用和保护西江资源,保护通航环境提出了建议。     

Comparison between a reanalyzed product by 3-dimensional variational assimilation technique and observations in the Ulleung Basin of the East/Japan Sea

Reanalyzed products from a MOM3-based East Sea Regional Ocean Model with a 3-dimentional variational data assimilation module (DA-ESROM), have been compared with the observed hydrographic and current datasets in the Ulleung Basin (UB) of the East/Japan Sea (EJS). Satellite-borne sea surface temperature and sea surface height data, and in-situ temperature profiles have been assimilated into the DA-ESROM. The performance of the DA-ESROM appears to be efficient enough to be used in an operational ocean forecast system.Comparing with the results from Mitchell et al. [Mitchell, D. A., Watts, D. R., Wimbush, M., Teague, W.J., Tracey, K. L., Book, J. W., Chang, K.-I., Suk, M.-S., Yoon, J.-H., 2005a. Upper circulation patterns in the Ulleung Basin. Deep-Sea Res. II, 52, 1617-1638.], the DA-ESROM fairly well simulates the high variability of the Ulleung Warm Eddy and Dok Cold Eddy as well as the branching of the Tsushima Warm Current in the UB. The overall root-mean-square error between 100 m temperature field reproduced by the DA-ESROM and the observed 100-dbar temperature field is 2.1 °C, and the spatially averaged grid-to-grid correlation between the two temperature fields is high with a mean value of 0.79 for the inter-comparison period.The DA-ESROM reproduces the development of strong southward North Korean Cold Current (NKCC) in summer consistent with the observational results, which is thought to be an improvement of the previous numerical models in the EJS. The reanalyzed products show that the NKCC is about 35 km wide, and flows southward along the Korean coast from spring to summer with maximum monthly mean volume transport of about 0.8 Sv in August–September.