桥梁施工中实用新技术的应用

根据桥梁施工的多年实践，针对钻孔灌桩钢筋笼定位筋制作、梁板底膜预制与泄水孔预留、小型混凝土垫块制备，临时支座制作，桥面混凝土标高控制与钢筋网的保护及防水层、粘结层的设置，混凝土构件的养生等几方面施工难题，列举了一些新工艺、新方法，提出几种比较实用的应用技术。     

Wave impact on a horizontal elastic plate

The objective is to find slamming-induced local stresses in the steel or aluminum wetdeck of a multihull vessel. This is studied theoretically by representing the wetdeck as a beam model and accounting for dynamic hydroelastic effects. Two numerical methods are used, one being a simplified asymptotic solution. Satisfactory agreement between the two methods is reported. Experimental drop tests of horizontal elastic plates of steel and aluminum are also reported, and the results from the experiments agree well with the numerical computations. This study reveals, both numerically and experimentally, that slamming-induced local stresses are strongly influenced by dynamic hydroelastic effects. The maximum bending stresses are insensitive to where waves hit, the curvature of the waves, and maximum pressures. Measured maximum pressures are very sensitive to external conditions, and cannot be used as a measure of maximum local bending stresses. A simple procedure for local design stresses due to wetdeck slamming is outlined.     

波浪对有梁面板结构冲击作用数值模拟

采用计算机数值模拟方法,在FLUENT软件计算平台上建立了二维规则波数值波浪水槽,对透空有梁面板结构底面受到的波浪冲击作用进行研究。数学模型采用RANS方程和k-ε湍流模型,以VOF方法处理自由表面。通过对不同工况的数值模拟和试验结果比较,验证了模型的造消波性能和应用的有效性。通过计算,得到了波浪冲击过程中波陡、超高和板宽各因素对冲击压强的影响。最后在已有冲击压强计算公式基础上提出了修正公式,以更准确地预报波浪的冲击荷载,深入认识波浪冲击机理。     

船体尾压浪板砰击载荷分析

本文针对尾压浪板入水砰击压力开展研究,分别用Fluent和Dytran软件计算其入水砰击载荷。本文首先在不同的有限元模型中计算尾压浪板以10 m/s入水时的砰击压力,选择具有合理网格尺寸的有限元模型,进而避免了网格尺寸对计算结果的影响;接着分别计算了尾压浪板以不同速度入水时所受到的砰击压力,二者计算得到的砰击压力系数与我国规范给出的结果较为吻合,对于船舶尾压浪板砰击载荷的选取具有一定的参考意义。     

渤海湾13000t级大型客滚船首部砰击安全性探讨

在对渤海湾13000t级大型客滚船的船型设计特征进行分析的基础上,运用船模砰击压力测试结果,得出砰击发生在首部舷侧区域的结论。最后采用实船统计衡准评估和砰击强度分析评估2种方法对首部砰击的安全性进行了探讨。     

冷再生沥青结构中残留层对路面结构的影响

根据冷再生层厚度以及不同的残留层厚度和模量,建立路面结构力学模型,利用有限元软件对路面结构进行计算,得到残留层厚度和模量的变化与冷再生层层底拉应力的变化规律,分析了残留基层厚度对路面结构的影响.     

深海平台砰击载荷的数值分析

文章以深海平台为例,研究在迎浪海况的作用下,波浪对平台的砰击效应.将平台简化为大尺度,深吃水,几何形状规则的刚体,采用计算流体力学中的有限体积方法,将计算区域划分为一系列不重复的控制体积,使每个网格节点周围有一个控制体积,求解离散方程,利用流体体积理论捕捉自由表面的波形.依据三阶斯托克斯波波浪理论,利用fluent软件建立相应的数值水槽,并进行造波及消波设置,得到稳定的波浪场.采用固定平台六自由度的方法,初步地对平台所受的波浪砰击载荷进行分析计算.     

A dense water outflow from the Ross Sea, Antarctica: Mixing and the contribution of tides

We use hydrographic, current, and microstructure measurements, and tide-forced ocean models, to estimate benthic and interfacial mixing impacting the evolution of a bottom-trapped outflow of dense shelf water from the Drygalski Trough in the northwestern Ross Sea. During summer 2003 an energetic outflow was observed from the outer shelf ( 500 m isobath) to the  1600 m isobath on the continental slope. Outflow thickness was as great as  200 m, and mean speeds were  0.6 m s^− 1 relative to background currents exceeding  1 m s^− 1 that were primarily tidal in origin. No outflow was detected on the slope in winter 2004, although a thin layer of dense shelf water was present on the outer shelf. When the outflow was well-developed, the estimated benthic stress was of order one Pascal and the bulk Froude number over the upper slope exceeded one. Diapycnal scalar diffusivity (K_z) values in the transition region at the top of the outflow, estimated from Thorpe-scale analysis of potential density and measurements of microscale temperature gradient from sensors attached to the CTD rosette, were of order 10^− 3−10^− 2 m² s^− 1. For two cases where the upper outflow boundary was particularly sharply defined, entrainment rate w_e was estimated from K_z and bulk outflow parameters to be  10^− 3 m s^− 1 ( 100 m day^− 1). A tide-forced, three-dimensional primitive equation ocean model with Mellor-Yamada level 2.5 turbulence closure scheme for diapycnal mixing yields results consistent with a significant tidal role in mixing associated with benthic stress and shear within the stratified ocean interior.     

拖航工况下半潜平台撑杆波浪砰击敏感性研究

半潜式平台在拖行过程撑杆等细长结构承受的波浪砰击对结构安全影响较大,相关船级社规范中明确要求结构分析过程中需要考虑波浪砰击载荷。基于传统势流理论的数值方法已经被广泛的应用于浮式海洋平台的水动力和砰击载荷的研究,但是对于复杂的粘性干涉效应、波浪爬升、波浪破碎和波浪砰击等实际工程问题不能够运用势流理论准确模拟。非定常的计算流体力学CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics)方法能够较为准确解决上述问题。因此,本文以982半潜式海洋平台为研究对象,采用计算流体力学中的动态重叠网格方法和流域体积域方法VOF(volume of fluid),结合水池物理模型试验结果,对平台在拖行工况下撑杆的波浪砰击进行研究。主要对半潜平台撑杆在三种不同流速和风速的拖航工况下撑杆受到的砰击压力的敏感性进行了分析研究,分析波浪砰击下撑杆的瞬态砰击压强分布情况,得到波浪砰击压力危险区域,同时给出拖航工况下撑杆砰击压力系数的变化规律,为分析预报半潜式平台撑杆在复杂的拖航海况下受到的砰击压力提供了参考。