我国机场货运规模体系评价及优化建议

新形势下,优化中国机场货运规模体系对中国民航高质量发展和民航强国建设具有重要现实意义。从总量规模、货运功能、整体优化水平的多视域角度可以对中国机场货运规模体系进行综合评价。分析表明:(1)目前,我国航空货运形成了"4+3+N"机场发展格局;(2)我国机场货运功能整体呈现"低水平、扁平化"发展态势;(3)我国机场货邮规模体系优化程度有待提高,与美国也存在一定发展差距。本文的政策涵义在于,中国机场货运规模体系优化要有系统性思维,结合当前发展新形势和新机遇,重点应在供需两侧、系统布局、改革协同三个维度进行顶层设计。     

铁路线路单元质量管理信息系统框架探讨

铁路行业的高速发展向铁路线路管理提出了更高要求,亟需信息系统辅助管理。通过研究分析国内外铁路线路信息管理系统现状,明确线路单元优化划分和养护维修计划优化制定是系统的发展方向。依据公路单元划分的方法,探讨铁路轨道单元划分的原则和方式,研究"秩和检验法"划分线路单元的具体步骤,总结轨道单元划分管理的实际应用效果。参考国外铁路线路信息管理系统的框架搭建形式,结合单元管理思想探讨系统各模块功能,搭建线路检测、单元划分、计划制定、实施效果反馈的连续性管理框架,并在计划管理模块中采用案例推理技术(CBR),设计两次推理过程,建立检测数据与对策源案例的联系,优化养护维修计划制定方法,为铁路线路的管理提供决策支持。     

解读《铁路危险货物罐车罐体安全检测管理暂行办法》

《铁路危险货物罐车罐体安全检测管理暂行办法》是铁道部的技术规章,从适用范围、检测机构、检测内容、判断标准、检测时间与周期等方面,解释、分析该技术规章的内容。     

罐式集装箱计量性能试验分析

分别用几何测量法和容量比较法测试罐式集装箱容积,分析验证几何测量法测试罐式集装箱容积的测量不确定度,确定罐式集装箱容积的计量性能指标。     

《罐式集装箱容积》检定规程的制定

说明制定JJG（铁道）203—2010《罐式集装箱容积》的背景、主要依据和过程,介绍规程的适用范围、术语、计量性能要求、通用技术要求、计量器具控制、检定结果处理、检定周期等。     

空气罐控制输液管道水击研究

采用特征线法对瞬时关闭管道终端阀门 ,在安装和不安装空气罐两种状况时 ,管道压力的变化情况进行了数值模拟 ,并分析了空气罐初始容积、空气罐安装位置等参数对管道瞬态水击压力变化的影响 ,结果表明 :在输液管道的适当位置安装容积一定的空气罐能较好地控制水击的产生     

基于模糊层次的铁路混装货物装运安全评价研究

随着客户运输需求的多样化升级,采用铁路混装货物装运模式在提升铁路运输效率、吸引多样货源等方面相较于单一品名装运显示出一定的优越性,同时混装货物装运面临的安全压力相较于单一品名装运出现骤增。为保障铁路混装货物装运安全,在阐述混装货物装运特点及安全控制要点的基础上,从"人防""物防""技防"3方面构建混装货物装运安全评价指标体系,采用层次分析法确定各指标权重,并利用模糊综合评价法对铁路混装货物装运安全进行评价,通过实例验证该评价方法的实用性及有效性,为铁路混装货物装运安全评价提供依据。     

The load-dependent vehicle routing problem and its pick-up and delivery extension

The present paper examines a Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) of major practical importance which is referred to as the Load-Dependent VRP (LDVRP). LDVRP is applicable for transportation activities where the weight of the transported cargo accounts for a significant part of the vehicle gross weight. Contrary to the basic VRP which calls for the minimization of the distance travelled, the LDVRP objective is aimed at minimizing the total product of the distance travelled and the gross weight carried along this distance. Thus, it is capable of producing sensible routing plans which take into account the variation of the cargo weight along the vehicle trips. The LDVRP objective is closely related to the total energy requirements of the vehicle fleet, making it a credible alternative when the environmental aspects of transportation activities are examined and optimized. A novel LDVRP extension which considers simultaneous pick-up and delivery service is introduced, formulated and solved for the first time. To deal with large-scale instances of the examined problems, we propose a local-search algorithm. Towards an efficient implementation, the local-search algorithm employs a computational scheme which calculates the complex weighted-distance objective changes in constant time. Solution results are presented for both problems on a variety of well-known test cases demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed solution approach. The structure of the obtained LDVRP and VRP solutions is compared in pursuit of interesting conclusions on the relative suitability of the two routing models, when the decision maker must deal with the weighted distance objective. In addition, results of a branch-and-cut procedure for small-scale instances of the LDVRP with simultaneous pick-ups and deliveries are reported. Finally, extensive computational experiments have been performed to explore the managerial implications of three key problem characteristics, namely the deviation of customer demands, the cargo to tare weight ratio, as well as the size of the available vehicle fleet.     

Empirical estimation of price and income elasticities of air cargo demand: The case of Hong Kong

This paper estimates the price and income elasticities of air cargo demand and examines how they may change after the 2008 financial crisis. Using a set of time series data, we simultaneously estimate the aggregated demand and supply functions of air cargo at Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA). We find that during the entire sampling period of 2001–2013, the price elasticity for air cargo transport demand at HKIA ranges from −0.74 to −0.29, suggesting that air cargo demand in Hong Kong reacts negatively to price (as expected) but does not appear to be very sensitive to price. The income elasticity ranges from 0.29 to 1.47 and appears sensitive to seasonality adjustment approaches. However, in terms of the speed of changes, air cargo demand changes much faster than overall economy, indicating the presence of a pro-cyclical pattern of air cargo traffic with respect to the overall economy. Our analysis shows that air cargo demand becomes more sensitive to changes in both price and income after 2008.     

Orana44双体帆船阻力计算与分析

Maxsurf软件是由澳大利亚Formation Design Systems公司为船舶设计和建造者开发的、适用于各种船舶设计、分析和建造的一套非常完整的计算机辅助船舶设计和建造软件。文章以Fountain Pajot公司的Orana44双体帆船为例,讨论了Maxsurf软件对双体帆船阻力计算是否依然适用,并将Maxsurf软件中的Hullspeed模块的计算结果与循环水池试验的结果进行了对比。同时,将计算出的不同速度下的所需动力值与已知的资料进行对比。通过对比分析发现,利用Maxsurf软件计算得到的阻力值较为合理的反映出了双体帆船的实际阻力性能,可以为双体帆船的阻力计算提供了有价值的参考。