城市轨道交通协同工作平台的设计与实现

为了有效解决城市轨道交通项目中各单位各专业之间的信息共享和交互,提高协同工作效率。从城市轨道交通项目的管理流程入手,分析业务特点和项目信息的分类方式、利用数据库设计思想和软件开发技术,完成协同工作平台的设计,并根据应用后的反馈信息不断优化,完善信息管理体系和权限分配机制。系统在多个项目中得到应用,有效提高信息共享和协同工作效率。详细阐述城市轨道交通协同工作平台的设计与实现的流程、思路和方法。     

铁路沿线线性无线传感器网络路由协议研究

针对铁路沿线环境监测对象种类繁多、位置分散的特点,设计一种无线传感器网络用于将传感器采集信息传输至监测中心,该无线传感器网络由传感器节点、轨边汇聚节点、机房汇聚节点及中继节点组成,重点研究提出轨边汇聚节点与机房汇聚节点之间线性无线传感器网络路由协议。鉴于铁路沿线传感器节点采集信息的重要程度不同,该路由协议根据信息重要程度对数据包进行优先级排序。综合考虑网络寿命和信息重要程度,以网络生命周期内传输数据包数量最大化为目标,建立数据包转发模型和数据包排队模型。在网络能耗均衡的前提下,采用减少优先级高的数据包的转发次数和减少优先级高的数据包在轨边汇聚节点的排队时延两种方式,减少优先级高的数据包的总传输时延。仿真结果表明,该路由协议可以显著减少高优先级数据包的传输时延,均衡使用网络能量,最大化网络寿命。     

Assessment of factors associated with travel time reliability and prediction: an empirical analysis using probabilistic reasoning approach

Significant efforts have been made in modeling a travel time distribution and establishing measures of travel time reliability (TTR). However, the literature on evaluating the factors affecting TTR is not well established. Accordingly, this paper presents an empirical analysis to determine potential factors that are associated with TTR. This study mainly applies the Bayesian Networks model to assess the probabilistic association between road geometry, traffic data, and TTR. The results from this model reveal that land use characteristics, intersection factors, and posted speed limits are directly associated with TTR. Evaluating the strength of the association between TTR and the directly related variables, the log odds ratio analysis indicates that the land use factor has the highest impact (0.83) followed by the intersection factor (0.57). The findings from this study can provide valuable resources to planners and traffic operators in their decision-making to improve TTR with quantitative evidence.     

Networking innovation in the European car industry: Does the Open Innovation model fit?

The demands of transportation have driven the automobile industry into an innovation race. Uncertain technological trends, long development cycles, highly capital-intensive product development, saturated markets, and environmental and safety regulations have subjected the sector to major transformations. The technological and organisational innovations related to these transformations necessitate research that can enhance our understanding of the characteristics of the new systems. The study investigates the applicability of the Open Innovation concept to a mature capital-intensive asset-based industry - the European automobile industry, which is preparing for a radical technological discontinuity. Purposely selected knowledgeable respondents were interviewed across seven European countries.The findings contribute to the understanding of the OI concept by identifying key obstacles to the wider adoption of the OI model in the European car industry, and signalling the importance of intermediaries and large incumbents for driving network development and OI practices as well as the need of new competencies to be developed by all players.     

Intermodal and international freight network modeling

The authors describe the development and application of a single, integrated digital representation of a multimodal and transcontinental freight transportation network. The network was constructed to support the simulation of some five million origin to destination freight shipments reported as part of the 1997 United States Commodity Flow Survey. The paper focuses on the routing of the tens of thousands of intermodal freight movements reported in this survey. Routings involve different combinations of truck, rail and water transportation. Geographic information systems (GIS) technology was invaluable in the cost-effective construction and maintenance of this network and in the subsequent validation of mode sequences and route selections. However, computationally efficient routing of intermodal freight shipments was found to be most efficiently accomplished outside the GIS. Selection of appropriate intermodal routes required procedures for linking freight origins and destinations to the transportation network, procedures for modeling intermodal terminal transfers and inter-carrier interlining practices, and a procedure for generating multimodal impedance functions to reflect the relative costs of alternative, survey reported mode sequences.     

BIM在铁路设计中的应用探讨

通过阐述建筑信息模型(BIM)概念,分析基于BIM技术的全生命周期理念的建筑优势,并介绍BIM技术在国内外建筑业及国内铁路行业的发展现状,提出铁路设计应用BIM的5个关键点:与GIS技术结合、综合管线碰撞检测、站场运营管理、协同设计与作业、项目各阶段的衔接,总结国内BIM发展存在的问题:行业标准缺失、三维协同设计理念缺乏、专业软件不足、市场认知与人才培养问题,并提出对应的推行BIM策略,最后提出BIM将引领铁路建设向信息化、智能化发展。     

ISPMAT--适用于城铁列车的预知维修智能系统

大运量交通车辆的维修 ,对于确保其社会服务的质量是非常重要的。本文介绍一种名为 ISPMAT(适用于城铁列车的预知维修智能系统 )的软件工具 ,它能对城铁列车的两个主要组成部分、即压缩机和牵引行车机构中可能发生的各种故障自动进行检测和作出诊断。 ISPMAT是以人工智能技术即神经网络和专家系统为基础的。本文的内容包括对 ISPMAT结构的阐述 ,以及通过实验所取得的某些结果。     

潜水器多学科设计中的多目标协同优化方法

针对潜水器设计中涉及多个学科的耦合以及数据信息量大、数据关系复杂的问题,文章介绍了一种新的多目标协同优化算法.该方法将Pareto遗传算法(PGA)引入协同优化框架,二者的有机结合充分发挥各自的优势,该方法利用协同方法的分解协调机制将复杂系统的设计问题分解为一个系统级优化问题和几个学科级优化问题.采用PGA作为系统级优化器,不仅可以得到能够反映多目标优化问题实质的、客观的Pareto解集,而且,由于PGA是无需梯度信息的直接搜索算法,从而从根本上消除了协同优化由系统层一致性约束条件引起的收敛困难问题.在PGA与协同优化框架结合的过程中,采用目标函数的归一化处理、分级罚函数法、浮点数编码、群体分级和Paveto解集过滤器等技术提高算法的计算效率和可靠性,并通过一个数学算例和一个载人潜水器的例子证明了多目标协同优化算法的有效性.     

防抱死制动系统对SUV车辆操控稳定性仿真分析

针对SUV车辆在制动情况下出现的操纵性和稳定性变差现象,在CarSim软件中建立了SUV车辆动力学模型,在对开的路面对行驶的紧急制动工况进行了仿真,初步发现防抱死系统对该工况下车辆操纵稳定性的影响最大,为进一步验证,与Simulink结合建立了整车联合仿真模型,将Carsim中SUV制动过程中的制动压力导出至Simulink模型作制动仿真测试,进一步描绘出车轮侧偏角、横移角速度和偏移位移等影响操纵稳定性的参数数值变化曲线,通过分析对比,确定了紧急制动条件下为SUV车辆加装防抱死系统能达到提高操纵稳定性的目标,最终达到安全驾驶的目的。     

Real-Time Transportation Mode Detection Using Smartphones and Artificial Neural Networks: Performance Comparisons Between Smartphones and Conventional Global Positioning System Sensors

Traditionally, traffic monitoring requires data from traffic cameras, loop detectors, or probe vehicles that are usually operated by dedicated employees. In efforts to reduce the capital and operational costs associated with traffic monitoring, departments of transportation have explored the feasibility of using global positioning system (GPS) data loggers on their probe vehicles that are postprocessed for analyzing the traffic patterns on desired routes. Furthermore, most cell phones are equipped with embedded assisted-GPS (AGPS) chips, and if the mode of transportation the phone is in can be anonymously identified, the phones can be treated as if they are probe vehicles that are voluntarily hovering throughout the city, at minimal additional costs. Emerging cell phones known as “smartphones” are equipped with additional sensors including an accelerometer and magnetometer. The accelerometer can directly measure the acceleration values, as opposed to having acceleration values derived from speed values in conventional GPS sensors. The magnetometer can measure mode-specific electromagnetic levels. Smartphones are subscribed with roadside Internet data plans that can provide an essential platform for real-time traffic monitoring. In this article, neural network-based artificial intelligence is used to identify the mode of transportation by detecting the patterns of distinct physical profile of each mode that consists of speed, acceleration, number of satellites in view, and electromagnetic levels. Results show that newly available values in smartphones improve the mode detection rates when compared with using conventional GPS data loggers. When smartphones are in known orientations, they can provide three-dimensional (3-D) acceleration values that can further improve mode detection accuracies.