Shaping the Coast with Permits: Making the State Regulatory Permitting Process Transparent with Text Mining

This paper examines the California Coastal Commission's permitting process. Using several text mining techniques, including web scraping, information extraction, and supervised classification, I demonstrate how to retrieve empirical data from unstructured texts, namely public meeting agendas and staff reports. Contrary to the concern that the Commission routinely delays or rejects permitting requests, the data reveal that outright rejection of permit applications is rare. On average, eight of ten applications were approved. Single-family homes and commercial development projects were approved about 80% of the time; the rates were about 70% for seawalls and retaining walls, and 60% for land-use changes. Most applications were processed swiftly, with a median application length of 3 months. The agency's influence comes primarily from negotiating each application. Qualitative study of 50 cases pertaining to single-family home construction reveals that the agency adopts a “managed development” approach, that is, allowing development but scrupulously managing various aspects of development. These case studies illustrate how the agency interprets the broad, abstract state laws and translates the mandates into enforceable actions as permitting conditions. In areas where the state mandates conflict, particularly over development in receding shorelines, the agency has the largest leverage in creating and implementing its preferred policies. The text mining techniques demonstrated in this paper can be applied to study any governmental agency. These techniques help to extract information from a massive volume of papers and organize them into a database for analyses. The empirical data extracted from texts can significantly increase bureaucratic transparency.     

电控多点天然气-柴油双燃料系统技术研究

本文介绍针对国产Ｘ６１３０柴油机进行的电控多点射天然气－柴油双燃料系统的开发研究。系统采用了电控高速电磁阀实现天然气的多点喷射控制，设计基于单片机的电控单元实现信号采集和电磁阀驱动控制，进行了系统控制软件的匹配开发，开发的综合系统通过台架匹配试验证明了系统的性能，并通过１０００ｋｍ试车验证了系统实用性。     

MaaS trends and policy-level initiatives in the EU

The concept of mobility-as-a-service (MaaS) was conceived in Finland, and it is characteristically user-oriented. Interest in MaaS has quickly spread across Europe along with the rapid advances in information and communications technology and the internet of things in recent years, as the realization of MaaS is consistent with the policy directions of the EU member states promoting the use of public transport.This paper describes the MaaS concept in EU, the birth of the concept in Finland and its background, and EU-wide policy level initiatives and their characteristics.     

世界车辆法规协调论坛及其管理协定

主要对联合国欧洲经济委员会(UN/ECE)内陆运输委员会(ITC)框架下世界车辆法规协调论坛及其下属的6个工作组,以及所管理的三项协定:1958年协定(车辆结构法规)、1998年协定(全球技术法规)和1997年协定(定期技术检查)等进行论述。     

能力为本的公路监理专业课程体系的建设思路

公路监理是一项技术性、政策性、经济性、社会性很强的综合监管工作,要求从事监理工作的人员具有较高的理论水平和专业技术水平及良好的职业道德和敬业精神。对于新增公路监理专业,专业建设还处在探索阶段,本文从能力为本的角度提出了对监理专业课程体系的建设思路。