航运市场预测方法研究

引入灰色理论和回归预测模型,提出预测海运市场容量的方法,运用马尔科夫法预测未来公司的市场占有率,并运用敏感性分析搜寻盈利的关键因素。结合实例计算分析,证明该方法的衫性与有效性。     

基于奖罚措施的小汽车通勤者出行行为研究

奖赏和惩罚措施是解决交通拥堵问题的重要措施,本文基于在北京市的调查,进行 2 种措施下出行选择行为的探索研究,得出奖励措施会使更多的小汽车通勤者转向非高峰出 行,而收费措施对于使其放弃小汽车出行效果更好.基于前景理论的分析显示：奖励措施下,大 部分出行者的方式选择为“收益”;而收费措施下,大部分出行者面临“损失”,不同群体在出行 选择时呈现不同的风险偏好态度.在引导小汽车高峰出行向错峰出行转移时,奖励措施比较适 用于中等收入群体,收费措施比较适用于中高收入群体;在引导小汽车高峰出行向其他方式转 移时,2种措施对低收入群体效果更好.以上结论可为交通需求管理政策的制定提供一些参考.     

The Bid-rent Land Use Model of the simple,efficient, elegant,and effective model of land use and transportation

Integrated land use/transportation forecasting models add significant policy and infrastructure alternatives analysis capabilities to the urban planning process. The financial, time, and staff requirements to develop these models has put them beyond the reach of most small to medium sized urban areas. This paper presents the land use allocation submodel of the Simple, Efficient, Elegant, and Effective model of land use and transportation (SE³M), an integrated land use and transportation forecasting model founded upon Economic Base Theory and Bid-rent Theory. The Bid-rent Land Use Model (BLUM) is an agent based, spatial competition model utilizing unique utility curves for willingness to pay and incomes for budget constrained abilities to pay for each agent. The model structure, estimation, calibration, implementation, and validation are presented. With a single year of land use data available, the validation approach used the Kappa Index of Agreement to spatially check model outputs against base year control data while controlling for agreement by chance. The U.S. territory of Guam is used as the case study/proof of concept implementation for this model framework. Once calibrated, BLUM could solve the spatial competition problem on Guam in less than two minutes of processing time with over 90% accuracy.     

基于D-S证据理论的多平台协同目标识别分步式融合

针对多平台协同目标识别问题,提出了基于D-S证据理论的分步式融合设计思想,目标型号识别.通过仿真验证了算法对解决不确定问题的有效性和正确性.     

Is the intention to use public transport for different travel purposes determined by different factors?

The objective of this study was to examine the psychological predictors of the intention to use public transport for three travel purposes: work or study, shopping, and leisure. An expanded version of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) which contains overall image and past behaviour is used. Data were gathered through the survey of 392 residents living in the central parts of Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia. These data were analysed using the partial least squares technique. The results indicate that attitude and perceived behavioural control are significant predictors of the intention to use public transportation for various purposes. Further, they explain between 34.6% and 49.8% of the intention variance. By adding the overall image and past behaviour to the original predictors in the TPB, the explained variance, with regard to work or study, shopping, and leisure purposes, increased by 5.6%, 5.1%, and 6.8%, respectively.     

基于压力传感器阵列的车型分类系统

针对当前车型分类系统识别率不高的问题,提出了用4条共聚物压电轴传感器组成的传感器阵列获取车型特征参数的方法。该方法利用传感器的特殊空间分布与车辆各车轴到达各传感器时刻的时空相关性,对采集到的信息进行数据融合,获得了多达11种车型特征参数。分类识别中用模糊统计的方法对大量的样本车型特征参数处理后,构造了隶属函数,最后采用了D-S证据理论对车型进行分类。实践证明该方法具有较高的识别率。     

灰色建模中数据缺失值处理方法探讨

为解决在利用灰色理论建模中,出现的数据缺失问题,本文提出综合利用SPSS软件的缺失值处理模块和稳健估计模块,针对数据的缺失机制进行处理的方法。使用该方法对缺失数据进行处理,以保证模型能够正常进行数据拟合。本文还利用了SPSS软件对某一实例中的缺失值进行了估计,并对缺失值填充后的结果进行了评价。     

相依性条件下滨海软土隧道盾构施工渗漏水风险评价

滨海地区多为海相和湖相沉积的软土,施工难度大,渗漏水病害多发,因此,应对盾构施工过程的渗漏水风险进行评价来保证隧道安全施工。构建渗漏水风险评价三级指标体系,将云模型与Copula函数结合,基于Copula函数对于风险指标中相关风险因素的相依性处理,云理论对于定性与定量概念的处理与转换优势,构建相依性条件下的二维和三维云-Copula模型。以宁波市轨道交通1号线为例,利用云-Copula模型计算二级指标对于各个风险等级的隶属度,确定危险性较大的二级指标为注浆质量、止水条、衬砌混凝土自防水。利用D-S证据理论进行证据融合确定该检测区段渗漏水病害的风险状态为安全,但有向基本安全状态发展的趋势。通过对危险性较大的指标加强监控,使渗漏水得到有效控制,为软土盾构隧道施工过程中渗漏水病害的风险评价与管理提供了一种新的方法。     

基于多元智能理论的高职高专英语教学

八十年代,美国著名发展心理学家、哈佛大学教授霍华德.加德纳(Howard Gardner)提出了多元智能理论。该理论倡导学校和教师应关心每个学生的成长,为学生的发展提供不同的选择机会。本文从多元智能理论的角度,对高职高专学生学习英语困难的现状作一全新剖析,并提出应用多元智能理论来调动这些学生参与英语学习的教学策略。     

关于标准航海通信用语(SMCP)教学的思考

标准航海通信用语(SMCP)是STCW78/95公约要求船舶驾驶员能够熟练使用的基本航海用语,但是由于教学中的问题,很多通过英语评估考试的船员仍然不能达到这一要求。本文分析了产生这种现象的症结,并提出SMCP教学应该结合专业知识,提高学生英语语言能力,创造并提供机会,加强听说训练。