钢筋混凝土空间梁单元截面刚度计算的Cranston方法应用探讨

研究了用空间杆系有限元进行钢筋混凝土结构空间弹塑性极限承载力分析中求截面弹塑性刚度的Cranston方法。通过理论分析,指出了已有方法在Cranston迭代收敛后求截面刚度的缺陷或不明确之处,提出了用有效截面的换算截面重心及数值积分求截面刚度时,均应采用微元切线模量的观点。在自编程序中采用不同模量对同一试验进行了全过程分析,有限元分析结果与试验结果对比,证明了该方法的正确性,可以用于大跨度钢筋混凝土结构的极限承载力分析。     

柱式钢筋混凝土桥墩的弹塑性抗震简化计算

在强震作用下柱式钢筋混凝土桥墩会进入塑性状态,采用考虑有刚度退化的武田三线型模型(弯矩-曲率关系),对一典型的双柱式桥墩进行了弹塑性有限元抗震分析,通过引入等效塑性铰长度的概念将其简化为两自由度结构模型,采用考虑有刚度退化的武田三线型模型(力-位移关系)进行计算。研究结果表明,墩顶位移结果及滞回曲线形状均吻合较好,为柱式桥墩的弹塑性抗震计算提供了一种简单可靠的计算途径。     

罕遇地震作用下高速铁路减隔震简支梁桥合理计算模型的探讨

以往在分析减隔震桥梁的地震响应时,由于考虑到桥墩和基础应保持弹性工作状态,在基于强度的设计中偏于安全考虑桥墩一般采用毛截面刚度建立弹性梁单元模型。实际上,在罕遇地震作用下,桥墩墩底截面虽然未达到屈服状态,仍然会出现保护层混凝土开裂,并导致桥墩刚度降低。此时,应考虑对桥墩刚度进行适当修正以估计桥梁的各项地震响应参数,这也有利于实现减隔震桥梁基于位移的抗震设计。结合西部高速铁路中典型的简支梁桥结构形式,分别采用弹塑性纤维梁柱单元、弹性梁柱单元、考虑刚度修正的弹性梁柱单元模拟桥墩建立3种计算模型,探讨适用于罕遇地震作用下的高速铁路减隔震桥梁的合理计算模型。结果表明,当罕遇地震作用下桥墩位移延性超过0.5时,考虑刚度修正的弹性梁柱单元模拟桥墩的计算模型能够较好地估计桥梁各项地震响应参数。     

On the fluid-structure response of elastic-plastic ship sides subjected to impact loads

This paper presents a simplified numerical model capable of analysing the interaction between the structural dynamic response of elastic-plastic struck plate wall of a fluid tank subjected to wedge impact and the resulting fluid motion. The Variational Finite Difference Method (VFDM) is applied to analyse the structural dynamics of the struck plate and 2-D linear potential flow theory is used to study the resulting fluid motion and its effects on the structural dynamics of the struck plate. Experiments of a wedge indenter impacting with both empty and 90% filled tanks are carried out to study the structural deformation of the struck plate. The accuracy of the developed numerical model is validated with published results and experimental results, and good agreement is achieved. Through the comparison of the impact behaviour of empty and partially filled water tank, it is found that the resulting water motion helps to reduce the structural deformation of the struck plate since part of the impact energy is dissipated by the resulting water motion. Parametric studies are performed to investigate the effect of impact velocity and water level on the structural dynamics of the struck plate of a partially filled water tank. A case study is also conducted to demonstrate the potential application of the proposed method in analysing ship-ice impact problems.     

CRH2010A综合检测车测力车轮与钢轨滚动接触弹塑性分析

运用非线性有限元分析软件ABAQUS,考虑通过直线、曲线线路和道岔3种工况,建立CRH2010A综合检测车的测力车轮与钢轨的三维滚动接触有限元模型,进行不同工况下测力车轮与钢轨的滚动接触特性及车轮辐板和轴毂的受力分析。结果表明:测力车轮的滚动接触特性与动车车轮相似;通过直线线路且轮对横移量为8mm时,产生轮缘效应,车轮磨损加剧;通过曲线线路时,左侧车轮与钢轨出现两点接触中心区;通过道岔时,左侧车轮与长心轨均发生塑性变形,车轮和钢轨的磨耗加剧;轴毂的过盈连接对轮轨接触特性的影响,远小于其对轴毂连接区域和辐板加工区域应力的影响;在这3种工况下测力车轮均满足静强度要求。     

A study on scantling formulae of plate members due to lateral pressure under the effect of axial loads

Existing rule scantling formulae of plate members are based on conventional plastic design theory, and do not necessarily reflect complicated plate bending phenomena under axial loads. In this study, we first formulated the effect of axial load on the fully plastic moment based on the von Mises yield criterion for longitudinally stiffened plate in addition to the well-known formula for transversely stiffened plate. In addition, we derived a theoretical formulation of the lateral pressure corresponding to 2-point hinge and 3-point hinge formation taking account of the effect of the additional lateral force due to the axial loads on the deflected plating, using a simple plate strip bending model assuming a long plate with a large aspect ratio.Then, a series of elastic-plastic FE analyses was carried out to verify the structural behavior and the effect of axial load on the plate plastic bending strength. The plate strength was evaluated based on the residual deflection criteria of two cases (0.26 mm and 4.0 mm), and the results were compared with the theoretical derivation. As a result, it was found that assumption of linear strength reduction to the axial stress can cover the transversely stiffened plate under compressive axial stress conservatively. As to the transversely stiffened plate under tensile axial stress and the longitudinally stiffened plate, the strength reduction was in accordance with the reduction in the fully plastic moment based on the von Mises yield criterion in the conservative side. Finally, based on the findings, the required plate thickness coefficients were proposed on an empirical basis both for transversely and longitudinally stiffened plate under compressive and tensile axial loads.     

高地应力断层破碎带衬砌力学特性对比与分析

以高地应力区某穿越断层破碎带隧道为工程依托,通过三维数值模拟来分析随着掌子面推进过程中的围岩空间应力场的状态及其变化趋势。首先,根据弹性衬砌模型计算结果判断衬砌结构是否还处于弹性状态;其次,按照弹塑性衬砌模型进行某穿越高地应力断层破碎带隧道三维数值模拟。计算结果表明:高地应力区穿越断层破碎带隧道三维数值模拟应该采用弹塑性衬砌结构;弹性计算模型与摩尔—伦计算模型分别计算所得衬砌结构关键点位移量差别较大,弹性衬砌模型计算得到关键点位移均小于摩尔—库伦衬砌模型所得到的量值,且约为摩尔—库伦模型计算所得量值的50%;拱顶和拱腰主应力波动范围在掌子面通过z=-50 m平面前0.5B(B为隧道宽度)和通过后1.5B范围,墙脚主应力波动范围在掌子面通过前1B和通过后0.5B范围;弹塑性衬砌计算的主应力较弹性衬砌计算的主应力大;揭示了某穿越高地应力断层破碎带隧道衬砌的破坏形式与潜在破坏面。     

高速铁路大跨度梁拱组合桥抗震分析

大跨度梁拱组合桥由于竖向刚度较大、梁高较小成为高速铁路常用桥型。为研究梁拱组合桥的地震反应特点,对一(60+128+60)m梁拱组合桥建立动力有限元分析模型,并进行特征值分析,根据其振动模态分析梁拱组合桥的振动特点,并采用时程分析方法对该桥进行弹性和弹塑性地震反应分析。结果表明:该桥在多遇地震下满足截面偏心距要求;在罕遇地震下满足延性率要求;结构满足"小震不坏、大震不倒"的抗震设防目标。     

开槽圆筒整形顶开过程弹塑性分析研究

本文运用有限元法分析了开槽圆筒在不同顶开力作用下的弹塑性变形情况.对计算结果进行了分析,归纳总结出顶开力与弹塑性变形之间的关系,为今后相关的研究和实验提供了理论依据.     

铁路隧道整体道床的沉降与基底状况关系的分析

为查清铁路隧道整体道床破损的原因,研究在列车作用下道床的沉降与基底状况的关系,根据焦柳线银匠界隧道整体道床实际情况建立力学计算模型。采用弹塑性有限元法进行计算,绘出在不同的基底状况下地基弹性模量与铁路隧道整体道床沉降的关系曲线。计算得到的沉降值与实际测得的数据吻合。研究表明:道床的沉降和道床下软基被淘空的情况有关,以道床下软基两端逐步向中间被淘空为最不利情况。道床的沉降和基底的弹性模量成非线性关系,在基底弹性模量不断减少的一个较大的范围内,整体道床的沉降比较均匀,而当地基弹性模量降至30 MPa以下时,整体道床的沉降将急剧加大。利用所绘制的关系曲线,并根据查明的道床基底地质情况可预报该区域的沉降,或根据道床的沉降估计道床的基底情况。通过计算还发现,在基岩、侧沟、边墙、人行道和围岩对整体道床的作用中,围岩的作用有限。