Effects of shadow evacuation on megaregion evacuations

Transportation systems serve important roles during emergencies, in particular for evacuations. However, efficient travel during these life-and-death scenarios can be adversely impacted by external conditions, such as unnecessary and unneeded travel. This research sought to enhance the understanding of the effects of these conditions by analyzing shadow evacuations, and their impact on regional traffic operations in megaregions, more broadly. The research was based on simulations of a range of hurricane evacuation threat scenarios in the Gulf of Mexico building upon prior study using TRANSIMS. These assessments are also targeted at what many assume could be worst case evacuation conditions and pushing the limits of current simulation modeling capability. Among the broader findings of this work was that shadow evacuation participation rates did not significantly impact the evacuation clearance times within mandatory evacuation areas of the megaregion as long as demand could be temporarily spread out. This finding does not, however, suggest that the shadow evacuations have no impact on evacuation processes. High rates of shadow evacuees can cause significant congestion if they are not able to exit critical routes before mandatory evacuees reach areas further away from the coast.     

谈一谈船舶消防演习

本文针对当前船舶消防演习存在的不足之处,以机舱消防演习程序为例,探讨船舶应该规范消防演习,不断提高演习质量和船员的灭火技能,保障船舶的财产和人命的安全。     

热泡灭火系统

介绍了热泡灭火系统的组成、功能、技术参数、使用及注意事项。     

隧道火灾三维数值模拟的瞬态分析

用连续方程、动量方程、能量方程及气体组分方程描述隧道内气流流动状态,采用湍流粘性系数模型中考虑浮力影响的湍流模型方程(K-ε方程),对某实验隧道火灾进行三维数值模拟瞬态分析,研究隧道火灾特性和烟气的速度场及温度场发展规律。研究结果表明,在横截面上先被加热的是拱顶,随着时间推移,高温烟气不断对其进行对流换热,整个横截面温度逐渐升高,且分布发生变化,经过一定时间后,分布形式基本确定,并向稳态逼近。采用3 m.s-1的机械通风,隧道内没有出现烟气逆流区,很好地抑制了气流的回流,满足隧道火灾通风要求,为上游人员及车辆逃离提供了气流通道。     

朔黄铁路隧道防灾监控及应急通信系统的应用

为保证铁路安全运输,有必要进行沿线隧道特别是长大隧道的防灾监控及应急通信系统的建设。以朔黄铁路长梁山隧道为例,介绍隧道防灾监控及应急通信系统的结构、组成及应用。     

桥上CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道台后锚固体系端刺结构受力变形特性

通过在高速铁路正线上开展长期温度荷载下的原位监测和列车制动荷载下的实车试验,以及运用ABAQUS有限元软件的数值计算,进行高速铁路桥上CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道倒T型和Π型台后锚固体系的端刺结构在温度力和制动力作用下的受力变形特性研究。结果表明:在降温和升温过程中,端刺结构周围土体压应力较大值主要出现在主端刺摩擦板的下部和桥台方向首个小端刺的位置,端刺结构变形主要以顶部弯拉为主,整体纵向变形较小;在紧急制动荷载的作用下,钢轨纵向应力、端刺纵向位移均随着轴重的增加而明显增大,但端刺纵向位移绝对值较小,与温度荷载作用相比,紧急制动荷载作用对端刺结构的影响小。     

浅谈高速铁路长大隧道应急通信

介绍了高速铁路长大隧道中的应急通信实现方案;提出了高速铁路中其他几种常用应急组网方式;对应急通信系统中的现场、基站/车站、指挥中心等相关设备进行了简单介绍。     

地下施工柴油机喷油泵的使用

喷油泵是柴油机燃油供系统的重要部件，针对地下施工中的实际情况，提出了加强使用维护以保证喷油泵正常工作的几种方法及注意事项。     

Locating emergency vehicles with an approximate queuing model and a meta-heuristic solution approach

In this paper, the location of emergency service (ES) vehicles is studied on fully connected networks. Queuing theory is utilized to obtain the performance metrics of the system. An approximate queuing model the (AQM) is proposed. For the AQM, different service rate formulations are constructed. These formulations are tested with a simulation study for different approximation levels. A mathematical model is proposed to minimize the mean response time of ES systems based on AQM. In the model, multiple vehicles are allowed at a single location. The objective function of the model has no closed form expression. A genetic algorithm is constructed to solve the model. With the help of the genetic algorithm, the effect of assigning multiple vehicles on the mean response time is reported.     

Studies on emergency evacuation management for maritime transportation

Marine transportation is a vital component of the world’s economy and transportation network. The number of people using passenger ships around the globe is increasing worldwide. Similar to other transportation systems, passenger safety is critical in maritime shipment. As emergency evacuation processes for ships are highly different from and more complicated than those for buildings and other vehicles, many researchers have published a vast range of documents related to this peculiar research area. However, there is a tangible lack of sufficient literature review studies that investigate marine emergency evacuation (MEE). That being the case, the potential of marine transportation and the effect of emergency evacuation operation on life safety have inspired the proposal of this study. This paper offers a review of the available literature on MEE modelling, analysis and planning during the period from 1973 to 2017 using a systematic approach. After reviewing relevant academic journals, peer-reviewed conference papers, and technical reports of agencies, relevant literature is analysed. In addition, the literature review is extended by means of proposing a framework methodology which considers different possible conditions and situations during MEE. Finally, insights for ship managers and policymakers are discussed and potential future research directions are identified.