On the importance of mooring system parametrisation for accurate floating structure designs

This paper analyses the importance of mooring design parametrisation on the dynamic behaviour of mooring loads. An exhaustive sensitivity analysis is performed to evaluate the variability of mooring loads because of inaccuracies in the definition of model inputs, including physical and numerical parameters. Results show a relevant dependence on the length and significance in other parameters, such as the weight together with the hydrodynamic equivalent diameter and the drag forces. An inaccuracy below 1% in the mooring reference length can generate loads of up to twice the design, and an incorrect definition of the weight or the drag coefficient in the mooring design can lead to a design load variability of up to 30%. Stiffness plays a crucial role in snap events, reaching load differences of 19% depending on the stiffness selected.This research is based on a set of numerical models capable of predicting the mooring system response. A dynamic numerical model with two schemes of resolution is implemented and calibrated according to an experimental test campaign. Other sources of results provided by a quasi-static model and commercial software, Sesam (DNV-GL), are incorporated. In general, the dynamic numerical models show a good accuracy with an experimental database composed by a set of 2D prescribed movement tests at the fairlead of the mooring system.     

梯形轨道系统动力特性及减振效果试验研究

采用锤击法,对梯形轨道系统(简称梯轨)进行动力特性试验。利用变时基传递函数细化分析方法,解决力信号时域波形精度与加速度信号频率分辨率之间的矛盾,提高低频脉冲频响分析精度。根据锤头材料的锤击特性和试验研究的频率范围,分别选择尼龙和钢制锤头进行梯轨模态和减振特性试验研究。结果表明:梯轨的低阶模态分布比较密集,基频为48.6Hz,前3阶模态的阻尼比较高,1阶阻尼比最大,达到6.64%;梯轨的工作频率约为50Hz,在梯轨工作频率之上1/3倍频程中心频率处,传递损失不随锤击力的大小而变化,梯轨的振动衰减系数为常数;梯轨具有较高的减振作用,在0～1000Hz频段传递损失在45dB左右。     

异形变截面多室曲线箱梁桥的试验研究及三维有限元分析

在对某异形变截面多室曲线箱梁桥试验研究的基础上,构造可以综合考虑拉压、弯扭、畸变、剪力滞及其耦合作用的三维虚拟层合单元法,并对该异形桥梁进行空间有限元分析。理论分析和试验研究表明,利用此法对这种复杂的异形桥梁结构进行空间分析,具有模型单元少、计算效率和精度高的特点,完全可以满足实际工程的需要,是一种简单方便的实用计算方法。最后,综合考虑在一期恒载和纵向预应力筋作用下其应力的空间分布情况。研究成果可供工程设计和施工参考。     

利用模态参数对轮胎纯侧偏特性建模

在轮胎静生趣特怀建模的基础上，探讨了利用轮胎模态参数对轮胎纯侧偏特性的建模。通过侧向激振试验提取了轮胎的侧向模态参数并计算了轮胎在不同载荷下的偏离特性，计算结果与以往轮胎的试验结果具有很好的一致性。计算结果转化为无量纲形式并与经验模型进行了比较，建模和计算结果充分说明了模型的合理并显示了建模方法的优越性。     

Detection of nonlinearity effects in structural integrity monitoring methods for offshore jacket-type structures based on principal component analysis

The detection of changes in the dynamic behavior of structures is an important issue in structural safety assessment. The development of detection methods assumes greater significance in the case of offshore platforms because the inherent problems are compounded by the harsh environment. Here, we describe an instrumented physical model for the structural health monitoring of an offshore jacket-type structure and the results of tests in several different damage scenarios. In a comparative investigation of two different methods, we discuss the difficulties of implementing damage detection techniques for complex structures, such as offshore platforms. The combined algorithm of a fuzzy logic system and a model updating method are briefly discussed, and a method based on stochastic autoregressive moving average with exogenous input is adopted for the structure. The consideration of uncertainties and the effects of nonlinearity were major objectives. So, the methods were also investigated based on the test scenarios consisting of the physical model with a geometric nonlinearity. The principal component analysis method was utilized for the detection of nonlinearity in the recorded data. The results show that the developed methods are suitable for damage classification, but the quality of the acquired signals must be considered an important factor influencing successful classification. The development of these methods may be extremely useful, as such technologies could be applied for offshore platforms in service, enabling damage detection with fewer false alarms.     

乘用车车身水管理设计综述

为提升乘用车车身的防水能力,探讨了车身湿区的水管理方法和阻止车外的水进入车身干区的水管理方法.首先明确了车身湿区、干区的定义和车身湿区、干区的分界面,然后阐述了车身外部的导水、排水设计,后续章节重点分析了外界的水进入车身内部的各类途径,和各类进水途径的封堵方法,最后总结出与防水相关的试验是判定车身密封性能高低的依据.综...     

某轻型客车采暖的理论分析与试验

为适应客户不断提高的乘坐舒适性,汽车空调设计开发也在不断提高自身水平,以满足市场需要。原有的空调设计、试验、整改、再验证的手段已经逐渐不能适应产品开发周期。空调的设计开发需要依靠一定的理论计算,为系统匹配、及整改方案提供理论依据。本文通过使用建立的理论分析模型,定性的、定量的对某轻型客车采暖性能问题进行分析,并提出整改验证,试验证明本文的理论分析模型方向是正确的。     

电喷发动机闭缸循环工作排放与经济性试验研究

介绍了电喷发动机闭缸循环工作节油的理论基础,给出了闭缸循环工作的控制电路和工作模式,并进行了怠速和等速行驶燃油消耗和排放性能的对比试验。试验结果表明,两缸闭缸循环工作能够有效地降低燃油消耗量。     

大客车车内噪声控制的试验研究

通过对６１００型大客车的大量试验研究，认为在噪声控制标准中除对Ａ声级测定结果应规定限值外，还应对整个噪声频带规定限值，以便较全面地改善车内噪声环境。根据该车的结构特点，提出了一系列改善噪声及振动性的措施，经部分改进试验，取得良好的效果。     

三层式沥青面层车辙组成及发展的调查与分析

对于层间连续理想的三层式沥青面层,发生车辙变形的主要层位通常为中面层,但层间污染、沥青层厚、各层模量差、压实度等因素影响三层式沥青面层的车辙组成与发展。文章采用开孔检查、抽芯检测等手段对某高速公路一般路段、桥面铺装、层间污染处、轮迹处、路肩处车辙组成进行了比较分析,并采用旋转轮载车辙仪检测路面各层变形发展趋势,指导修建了9种不同结构形式的沥青路面车辙维修试验段,没有出现车辙病害。