光纤光栅传感器在分布式测量系统中的应用

介绍了光纤光栅传感器在分布式测量系统中的应用，给出了光纤光栅测量节点的软硬件实现，并对实时性等影响分布式系统性能的因素做出了分析，最后，对于完善方案提出了构想。     

基于UML的C4ISR传感器动态处理模型仿真

现代军事仿真需要建立军事对抗活动中的各类模型，包括武器平台模型、作战模型以及决策模型等，传感器功能仿真模型在系统的开发和研制过程中具有重要意义。如何建立出有效的传感器处理模型来保证信息输入的可靠性和真实性是各类C^4ISR系统都面临的问题，使用统一建模语言（UML）对传感器处理模型进行可视化建模，首先使用用例图和顺序图对C^4ISR系统中2维或者3维传感器工作流程建模，然后使用活动图对整个处理流程和每个处理流程来描述问题的细节，为系统分析员、设计人员和开发人员提供了不同的分析问题、解决问题的视角，使从事C^4ISR系统传感器仿真研究的相关人员可以参考该文提出的模型进行软件开发。     

光纤光栅孔隙水压力计的研制与应用研究

阐述了光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)技术的原理以及传感器的结构设计原理和方法,采用光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)传感技术研制了适合岩土工程使用的光纤光栅孔隙水压力计,对研制的6支光纤光栅孔隙水压力计进行了试验检验并埋设于某高速公路软土路基中试测孔隙水压力以检验研发成果。实践结果表明该仪器克服了常规仪器的某些缺点,并有稳定性好、耐腐蚀等优点,可以较好地应用于岩土工程监测当中。本仪器的研制对于光纤传感技术在岩土工程领域的应用具有积极的推动作用。     

Insights into vehicle trajectories at the handling limits: analysing open data from race car drivers

Race car drivers can offer insights into vehicle control during extreme manoeuvres; however, little data from race teams is publicly available for analysis. The Revs Program at Stanford has built a collection of vehicle dynamics data acquired from vintage race cars during live racing events with the intent of making this database publicly available for future analysis. This paper discusses the data acquisition, post-processing, and storage methods used to generate the database. An analysis of available data quantifies the repeatability of professional race car driver performance by examining the statistical dispersion of their driven paths. Certain map features, such as sections with high path curvature, consistently corresponded to local minima in path dispersion, quantifying the qualitative concept that drivers anchor their racing lines at specific locations around the track. A case study explores how two professional drivers employ distinct driving styles to achieve similar lap times, supporting the idea that driving at the limits allows a family of solutions in terms of paths and speed that can be adapted based on specific spatial, temporal, or other constraints and objectives.     

桥梁监测系统中复杂结构的静力应变传感器优化配置方法

在桥梁结构状态监测评估系统中,传感器优化配置问题是监测信息经济可靠的关键,也是业内广泛关注的热点问题之一。本文以复杂桥梁结构为研究对象,提出了一套基于关心截面插值拟合误差最小准则的传感器优化配置方法,并通过实例介绍了该方法的优化步骤及验证了其有效性。     

基于光纤光栅的扭矩传感器

为了实现恶劣条件下对扭矩的精确稳定测量,设计并实现了一种新型的基于光纤光栅的扭矩传感器。为克服扭矩测量系统易受外界影响的缺点,设计了光纤光栅全桥光路,实现了温度和弯矩的自动补偿。通过扭矩标准装置加载试验和水下环境加载试验分别测试了其测量精确度以及水下工作性能。结果表明,该光纤光栅扭矩传感器的最大非线性误差、重复性以及水下工作稳定性均达到0.1%以内,说明该传感器不但具有良好的测量精度,而且能够在船用环境等恶劣扭矩测量条件下较好地工作。研究结果为船用环境中扭矩测量的研究与应用提供了重要参考。     

基于光纤光栅压力传感器的轨道区段占用检测方法研究

轨道电路是用于检测列车是否占用轨道区段的设备,正确判断其分路状态对行车安全十分重要。当出现轨面生锈或积污等问题时,由于分路电阻过高导致轨道电路分路不良,这将影响分路状态的可靠判定,轨道区段占用检测方法仍存在瓶颈。对此,利用光纤光栅(Fiber Bragg Grating, FBG)压力传感技术的优势,结合轨道电路的工作原理和轨道动力学分析结果,设计轨道占用检测的系统结构;监测FBG的中心波长漂移量,统计列车进出轨道区段的轮对轴数,通过轴数比较解决轨道电路分路不良时的轨道区段占用检测问题。对光纤Bragg光栅纵向应力特性进行仿真实验,结果表明:FBG的中心波长漂移量和纵向应力的改变成正比,即和钢轨受力形变所产生的弯矩变化成正比,这种应力特性可有效应用于轨道区段的检测问题。     

光纤Bragg光栅应变灵敏度的分析

在光纤Bragg光栅传感原理的基础上,从理论上着重研究了由弹光效应引起的轴向应变灵敏度和径向应变灵敏度,并分别进行了轴向应变与径向应变灵敏度和轴向应力与径向应力灵敏度的仿真,仿真结果与理论分析相符。另外,对于动态轴向应变的情况,也给出了波长漂移随时间变化的仿真结果。     

Autonomous vehicle perception: The technology of today and tomorrow

Perception system design is a vital step in the development of an autonomous vehicle (AV). With the vast selection of available off-the-shelf schemes and seemingly endless options of sensor systems implemented in research and commercial vehicles, it can be difficult to identify the optimal system for one’s AV application. This article presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art AV perception technology available today. It provides up-to-date information about the advantages, disadvantages, limits, and ideal applications of specific AV sensors; the most prevalent sensors in current research and commercial AVs; autonomous features currently on the market; and localization and mapping methods currently implemented in AV research. This information is useful for newcomers to the AV field to gain a greater understanding of the current AV solution landscape and to guide experienced researchers towards research areas requiring further development. Furthermore, this paper highlights future research areas and draws conclusions about the most effective methods for AV perception and its effect on localization and mapping. Topics discussed in the Perception and Automotive Sensors section focus on the sensors themselves, whereas topics discussed in the Localization and Mapping section focus on how the vehicle perceives where it is on the road, providing context for the use of the automotive sensors. By improving on current state-of-the-art perception systems, AVs will become more robust, reliable, safe, and accessible, ultimately providing greater efficiency, mobility, and safety benefits to the public.     

Privacy protection method for fine-grained urban traffic modeling using mobile sensors

With the ubiquitous nature of mobile sensing technologies, privacy issues are becoming increasingly important, and need to be carefully addressed. Data needs for transportation modeling and privacy protection should be deliberately balanced for different applications. This paper focuses on developing privacy mechanisms that would simultaneously satisfy privacy protection and data needs for fine-grained urban traffic modeling applications using mobile sensors. To accomplish this, a virtual trip lines (VTLs) zone-based system and related filtering approaches are developed. Traffic-knowledge-based adversary models are proposed and tested to evaluate the effectiveness of such a privacy protection system by making privacy attacks. The results show that in addition to ensuring an acceptable level of privacy, the released datasets from the privacy-enhancing system can also be applied to urban traffic modeling with satisfactory results. Albeit application-specific, such a “Privacy-by-Design” approach would hopefully shed some light on other transportation applications using mobile sensors.