A multiobjective chance constrained programming model for supplier selection under uncertainty

Risk management is an inherent part of supplier selection. While companies are enjoying the benefits of outsourcing, risks brought by this practice should be taken into account in the process of decision making. This paper presents a multiobjective stochastic sequential supplier allocation model to help in supplier selection under uncertainty. Demand for products, capacities at suppliers as well as transportation and other variable costs are the main sources of uncertainty and are modeled using probability distributions. Disruptions are exogenous events and the model provides proactive mitigation strategies against disruptions by assigning backup suppliers who can be used in case of a default at a primary supplier. When there is no disruption, the model’s solution is an optimal supplier order assignment, considering operational risks.     

对公路项目施工前期策划的几点思考

施工单位在公路施工项目中若要实现质量目标、安全目标、进度目标、利润目标等等，一个好的前期策划工作是必不可少的。讨论了如何在公路项目中做好施工前期策划工作，提出了目标分解，建立完善的组织体系，明确各项任务计划，实行阶段性目标考核的一些看法。     

目标教学法和多样化考核形式在教学改革中的应用

目标教学法和多样化考核方式相结合的教学模式可以达到提高学生的学习积极性,培养技能型人才的教学目标。目标教学法主要是通过对教学内容进行分解,采用模块式教学,形成阶段性的教学目标,通过分步学习,降低学习难度的梯度,逐步完成整体教学目标。多样化考核方式由“平时考核 闭卷考试 开卷考试 实验考试”四结合的形式构成,实现对学生学习效果的综合评价。     

Personalised feedback and eco-driving: An explorative study

Conventional road transport has negative impact on the environment. Stimulating eco-driving through feedback to the driver about his/her energy conservation performance has the potential to reduce CO₂ emissions and promote fuel cost savings. Not all drivers respond well to the same type of feedback. Research has shown that different drivers are attracted to different types of information and feedback. The goal of this paper is to explore which different driver segments with specific psychographic characteristics can be distinguished, how these characteristics can be used in the development of an ecodriving support system and whether tailoring eco-driving feedback technology to these different driver segments will lead to increased acceptance and thus effectiveness of the eco feedback technology. The driver segments are based on the value orientation theory and learning orientation theory. Different possibilities for feedback were tested in an exploratory study in a driving simulator. An explorative study was selected since the choice of the display (how and when the information is presented) may have a strong impact on the results. This makes testing of the selected driver segments very difficult. The results of the study nevertheless suggest that adapting the display to a driver segment showed an increase in acceptance in certain cases. The results showed small differences for ratings on acceptation, ease of use, favouritism and a lower general rating between matched (e.g., learning display with learning oriented drivers) and mismatched displays (e.g., learning display with performance oriented drivers). Using a display that gives historical feedback and incorporates learning elements suggested a non-verifiable increase in acceptance for learning oriented drivers. However historical feedback and learning elements may be less effective for performance oriented drivers, who may need comparative feedback and game elements to improve energy conserving driving behaviour.     

The optimal dual-pricing policy of mall parking service

In studies of parking policy, the role of parking pricing has been addressed. Most researches have focused on the determination of a proper price for city parking spaces that are open to the public and it is now evident that price is used by authorities as a tool to manage transport demand. However, studies of parking pricing that pertain to privately-owned parking resources are few and in particular, the problem of setting a proper price for physical market parking has rarely been studied, such as a mall’s ‘dual-pricing portfolio’ decision for the simultaneous determination of a parking fee and the consumer spending required for free parking (i.e., the ‘threshold’). This is a common problem for most malls, but the different agents involved (e.g., the visitors, the mall, the marketplace and the parking lot departments) usually have diverse goals, so the decision must take account of a multiplicity of criteria and subtle relationships. In order to systematically support this type of inter-departmental decision process, a decision model that includes an analytical decision-aid process and the relevant programming models is established. A numerical example verifies the proposed model by taking the data for a mall in Taiwan and the implications, in terms of management, are given. This systematic computational model can be generalized to any type of commercial market that requires a (new) parking pricing policy.     

应用模糊数学及AHP分析法优化铁路物流结构

结合铁路物流特殊性,分析现有合作企业的评价、优选方法在定性因素量化分析上的不足,提出应用模糊数学方法量化分析与评价候选企业的兼容性,利用层次分析法量化评价其素质的优劣,将量化结果与定量指标一起带入全局优化求解。使定性因素和定量因素在全局优化中结合起来,并应用(0 1)目标规划模型得到最优合作组合。通过算例证明该方法在优化铁路物流结构中的有效性。     

Impact of information intervention on travel mode choice of urban residents with different goal frames: A controlled trial in Xuzhou,China

In order to assess the degree to which specific groups will adapt their travel behaviors after certain intervention, this study utilized a cluster analysis to discuss three segments’ distinct goal frames, social-demographic properties, travel modes, and habitat, and then carried out an information intervention controlled trial to discover three segments’ modal split shifts. The results indicate that the information have consistent and distinct impacts on travel mode choice by clusters. This consistency is embodied in the simultaneous and significant increase in travel times by green modes (walking, non-powered bicycle, or bus) and in the small but non-significant effects on reducing car use in the three clusters. The distinctness of the impacts is that information have a more effective influence on subjects with gain goal frames because their travel times by all three green modes greatly improved. Subjects with the hedonic goal frame are the least sensitive to information, with the only significant increase in travel times being by non-powered bicycle. This research also addressed the “attitude-behavior gap”, weather impacts, and goal-oriented prompts. The findings suggest that policy interventions should be designed to improve public transit features, especially the bicycle system, rather than only to constrain car use, and that tailored policies should be targeted to specific groups with different goal frames.     

新时期高校班级管理存在的问题和思考

新时期高校教育改革给班级管理带来更多挑战,大学生班级管理出现更多新问题、新特点。本文从高校班级管理存在的问题入手,对加强高校班级管理做出探索和思考。     

Future planning for benchmarking and ranking sustainable suppliers using goal programming and robust double frontiers DEA

Decision-making for selecting sustainable suppliers has become an intricate duty. To rank sustainable suppliers and select benchmarks this paper proposes an efficiency improvement plan. Two levels of improvement plans including goals and benchmarks are presented for the suppliers. To this end, the first-level goals are obtained using goal programming (GP) and data envelopment analysis (DEA). Since inputs and outputs of the first-level goals might be imprecise, robust Charnes-Cooper-Rhodes (CCR) model is run. As a result, the benchmarks of the second-level are obtained. Then, a robust CCR inefficiency model is applied for ranking the suppliers. In fact, such a ranking capability is made by creating double-frontiers including CCR efficiency and inefficiency frontiers. Accordingly, the suppliers are ranked using the first-level goals. In the new ranking, uncertainty of the goals is considered by running robust optimization technique. The proposed approach provides technical and planning capabilities which are demonstrated by a case study.     

多目标多重运输调度问题的混合算法

本文研究了多目标多重运输调度问题．建立了该问题的目标规划模型，提出了该问题基于分校定界和割平面技术的混合算法。