铁路绿色施工节地与土地资源保护措施评价

为了更好地促进绿色铁路建设,进而促进国家实现建设资源节约型环境友好型社会的目标,必须对施工阶段铁路的节地与土地资源保护措施进行评价。通过研究相关技术标准及铁路施工特点,建立一套完善的铁路绿色施工节地与土地资源保护措施评价指标体系。然后,利用三角模糊数层次分析法确定各指标权重,应用灰色聚类法确定评价指标体系的综合绿色等级。最后,结合实例证明三角模糊数层次法与灰色聚类法结合可以对铁路绿色施工节地与土地资源保护措施进行很好的评价,并能找出铁路施工阶段节地与土地资源保护的不足之处并进行改进。     

基于灰度对比图与最大熵的钢轨图像分割

针对CCD相机采集的钢轨表面图像灰度不均、过度曝光、噪声过大等导致的一维最大熵法无法准确分割缺陷的问题,提出一种将灰度对比图和形态学重构相结合,再用最大熵法进行分割的图像分割算法。首先求得钢轨图像的灰度对比图,接着将灰度对比图经过形态学开-闭重构获得钢轨背景图像,然后将背景图像与灰度对比图相减,得到包含缺陷的差分图,最后将差分图用最大熵法进行分割。实验表明,提出的灰度対比图法能够很好地缓解光照不均,过度曝光对检测带来的影响,形态学开-闭重构不仅能够获得所需的背景模型还能抑制一定的噪声,该算法简单、有效、鲁棒性较高,分割精度可以达到90%。     

基于周期时变特点的城市轨道交通短期客流预测研究

分析了城市轨道交通客流的周期时变性特征,并根据该特征在GM(1,1)灰色预测模型的基础上改进了马尔科夫算法,以适用于城市轨道交通短期客流预测。用无偏GM(1,1)模型拟合系统的发展变化趋势,再以此为基础进行了马尔科夫链预测,并采用多转移矩阵排除客流数据中噪声数据的扰动。试验结果表明,改进后的模型在城市轨道交通客流短期预测中具有良好的精确性。     

“低速动力性”说是EQ6100缸体疲劳的理论根源

追溯有EQ6100汽油机缸体疲劳的根源是偏颇的“低速动力性”说导致设计的疏漏。     

Is the intention to use public transport for different travel purposes determined by different factors?

The objective of this study was to examine the psychological predictors of the intention to use public transport for three travel purposes: work or study, shopping, and leisure. An expanded version of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) which contains overall image and past behaviour is used. Data were gathered through the survey of 392 residents living in the central parts of Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia. These data were analysed using the partial least squares technique. The results indicate that attitude and perceived behavioural control are significant predictors of the intention to use public transportation for various purposes. Further, they explain between 34.6% and 49.8% of the intention variance. By adding the overall image and past behaviour to the original predictors in the TPB, the explained variance, with regard to work or study, shopping, and leisure purposes, increased by 5.6%, 5.1%, and 6.8%, respectively.     

基于奖罚措施的小汽车通勤者出行行为研究

奖赏和惩罚措施是解决交通拥堵问题的重要措施,本文基于在北京市的调查,进行 2 种措施下出行选择行为的探索研究,得出奖励措施会使更多的小汽车通勤者转向非高峰出 行,而收费措施对于使其放弃小汽车出行效果更好.基于前景理论的分析显示：奖励措施下,大 部分出行者的方式选择为“收益”;而收费措施下,大部分出行者面临“损失”,不同群体在出行 选择时呈现不同的风险偏好态度.在引导小汽车高峰出行向错峰出行转移时,奖励措施比较适 用于中等收入群体,收费措施比较适用于中高收入群体;在引导小汽车高峰出行向其他方式转 移时,2种措施对低收入群体效果更好.以上结论可为交通需求管理政策的制定提供一些参考.     

The Bid-rent Land Use Model of the simple,efficient, elegant,and effective model of land use and transportation

Integrated land use/transportation forecasting models add significant policy and infrastructure alternatives analysis capabilities to the urban planning process. The financial, time, and staff requirements to develop these models has put them beyond the reach of most small to medium sized urban areas. This paper presents the land use allocation submodel of the Simple, Efficient, Elegant, and Effective model of land use and transportation (SE³M), an integrated land use and transportation forecasting model founded upon Economic Base Theory and Bid-rent Theory. The Bid-rent Land Use Model (BLUM) is an agent based, spatial competition model utilizing unique utility curves for willingness to pay and incomes for budget constrained abilities to pay for each agent. The model structure, estimation, calibration, implementation, and validation are presented. With a single year of land use data available, the validation approach used the Kappa Index of Agreement to spatially check model outputs against base year control data while controlling for agreement by chance. The U.S. territory of Guam is used as the case study/proof of concept implementation for this model framework. Once calibrated, BLUM could solve the spatial competition problem on Guam in less than two minutes of processing time with over 90% accuracy.     

基于舰船生存能力的系统评估模型研究

在系统分析舰艇生存能力评估要素的基础上,针对评估过程中的不确定性信息难以量化处理的特点,将灰色系统理论与层次分析法相结合,并运用这种灰色层次分析法建立了舰船灵敏性的评估模型。举出实例说明了利用所建模型进行量化评估的过程,说明了该方法的有效性。     

基于动态分频段FRA法的自耦变压器绕组轴向移位故障诊断

针对传统的频率响应分析(FRA)法无法识别自耦变压器绕组常见轴向移位故障的问题,提出基于动态分频段的FRA法:首先,搭建自耦变压器轴向移位故障模拟平台,获取不同轴向移位故障下绕组频响数据;其次,将幅频特性曲线波峰点与相频特性曲线C-L过零点频率相同的点作为预备分频点,同时将频响数据动态划分为多个频段,并绘制分频段极坐标图;然后,提取极坐标图的4个灰度梯度共生矩阵纹理特征和对应的归一化特征参数;最后,通过图形与特征的变化规律分析自耦变压器绕组的状态。试验验证结果表明:采用基于动态分频段的FRA法,生成的极坐标图数据点重叠情况得到改善,有利于图形分析和特征提取;不同绕组发生轴向移位故障时,各频段极坐标图变化趋势明显;同一绕组发生不同程度轴向故障时,极坐标图随故障程度增加差异呈变大的趋势;采用基于动态分频段的FRA法能准确区分自耦变压器轴向移位的故障绕组与故障程度,并能为自耦变压器现场故障诊断提供参考。     

公路沥青路面使用性能灰色综合评估

公路在交通荷载和自然环境的共同作用下，路面使用性能会随着时间推移而日益衰减，从而直接影响车辆的行驶速度和运输的安全性、经济型和舒适性。为了评估和预测路面使用性能状况，便于进行科学地养护和管理，文章系统地提出了公路沥青路面使用性能评价的指标体系和分级标准，建立了沥青路面使用性能灰色综合评价模型。最后，结合选取路段的实测数据与规范推荐评价方法进行了应用与对比分析。