新发现的《坤舆万国全图》及其学术价值

2016年10月,在美国拍卖市场上,出现了两条利玛窦《坤舆万国全图》摹绘本的残图。我们可按这件拍卖品的编号,称其为"6084号残图"。由于残图上有"大明海",而"大明一统"则被改作"大清一统",因此,可以确定,它是明代摹绘的,清朝建立后还被人使用过。但"6084号残图"不可能直接摹自利玛窦原版《坤舆万国全图》,上面的图画也不是利玛窦绘上去的。这幅新发现的《坤舆万国全图》残图,为深入研究利玛窦世界地图及其影响提供了新的实物依据。     

VBA在工程设计方面的应用

文中从VBA的基本概念出发,详细论述了VBA在CAD和Excel方面的应用,便于工程设计人员参考,使VBA在工程设计、方案汇报和科研中得到广泛的应用。     

霍金的意义:上帝、外星人和世界的真实性

本文从新的视角考察了霍金最近发表的两条引起媒体极大兴趣的言论:关于宇宙是不是上帝创造的,关于我们要不要和外星文明交往,以及他另一个不太受关注的依赖模型的实在论观点,得出结论认为霍金在这些重要问题上其实并没有提供新的立场,只是完成了站队,但由于他的科学之神的传奇身份和影响,霍金却能通过老生常谈为人类做出新的贡献。本文还认为,霍金的新作《大设计》可能是他最后的学术遗嘱。     

全国铁路地理信息系统应用服务共享平台的研究

应用服务共享平台为一个三层服务体系结构,主要提供五种服务：数据提供、数据分析、数据表现、元数据以及应用集成服务。平台功能的设计主要依据表示逻辑与处理逻辑相分离、通用功能与专用功能相分离两个基本原则。平台的核心是一个包括基础服务层和应用构件层的二层体系结构。平台的关键技术是多层服务体系结构、分布式海量空间数据存取、智能空间分析与数据挖掘技术以及基于XML的元数据技术。     

A preliminary proposal for urban and transportation planning in response to the Great East Japan Earthquake

The purpose of this paper is to propose information of use in the reconstruction of urban transport and infrastructure in response to the Great East Japan Earthquake. In particular, knowledge of urban planning and transportation planning is summarized to help in drawing up physical plans.     

京杭运河常州市区段改线工程线路方案论证

介绍了京杭运河常州市区改线段的大改线和小改线2个线路方案走向及优缺点,推荐综合利用程度最高的小改线线路方案。     

Testing the Effects of Constraints on Climate Change–Friendly Behavior among Groups of Australian Residents

This study explores the relationship between Australian's attitudes toward climate change impacts on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and environmentally responsible behavior (ERB). We hypothesize that general attitudes toward climate change, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control predict intended and reported behavior, and that attitude negatively influences constraints on adopting ERB. The moderating effect of residential condition (urban vs. rural contexts) was tested across these hypothesized relationships. We randomly selected 200 individuals from eight regions: Five within 50 km of the GBR Coastline and three from the Statistical Metropolitan Areas in Australia. We yielded 1,623 surveys by telephone interviews. Findings confirm our hypotheses and suggest the most important predictor of intentions is perceived behavioral control. The two groups of respondents (urban vs. rural) illustrate different relationships. This study offers insight on how managers of the GBR can effectively shape residents' behavioral tendencies that minimize human impacts on the natural environment.     

‘Regulated deregulation’ of local bus services—An appraisal of international developments

The deregulation of the British bus sector (outside London) in 1986 was the start of a debate on the merits of ‘deregulation’ and ‘competitive tendering’. The period that followed was rich in lessons. New Zealand was at the time the only other country engaging in a reform based upon market initiative (implemented in 1991). Other countries chose for a less extreme and more consensual way to introduce competitive incentives, choosing the fundamentally different competitive tendering (CT) path. As a result, the so-called ‘Scandinavian model’ developed, based upon the London example of route tendering. Later the Netherlands adopted a network tendering approach, resembling the French practice of network tendering though with more operator freedom.     

Workshop 3B: Governance,ownership and competition issues in deregulated (free market) public transport: Lessons that can be learnt from developed and developing economies

The past emphasis in this conference series has been on the best ways to deregulate regulated public transport markets. This workshop reverses this process by examining the best ways to regulate deregulated public transport markets. A hierarchy of regulatory needs is identified and three hybrid models examined, based loosely on experience from Great Britain, New Zealand and Sweden. It is argued that deregulated public transport markets are a global phenomenon but regulatory measures should reflect local requirements. The resultant process of glocalisation might result in regulatory measures that focus on the rules of law and their enforcement in emerging public transport markets (such as urban transport in Sub Saharan Africa and for the soon to be competitive inter urban market in Germany) but that focus on guidance for network integration and incentivisation for welfare maximisation in more mature public transport markets (as in Great Britain, New Zealand and Sweden).     

深埋3孔小净距隧道围岩压力计算方法及其工程应用

基于普氏理论,考虑开挖顺序以及中岩柱主要具有的承载松散岩土体和抑制围岩变形作用,提出3孔小净距隧道围岩压力的计算方法,并分析净距和开挖跨度对围岩压力分布规律的影响。通过与八达岭长城站3孔小净距隧道围岩压力实测值对比,验证计算方法的合理性和有效性。结果表明:中洞受力状态最为不利,边洞内侧围岩压力显著大于外侧;净距一定时,中洞或边洞跨度增大不仅导致各自洞室围岩压力增大,且会导致相邻洞室围岩压力增大;随净距增大,围岩压力逐渐降低并接近规范计算单洞值;Ⅴ级围岩段实测围岩压力约是Ⅲ级围岩段实测值的3倍,净距相同时,Ⅴ级围岩比Ⅲ级围岩更易形成极限承载拱;围岩压力理论计算值的偏差率在10%~25%。根据围岩压力的理论值和前期监测值,主动对隧道采取超前加固与加大锚杆长度,使实测围岩压力减小30%,可保障隧道施工安全。