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1.
由于岸壁效应和浅水效应,内河船舶在限制水域作操纵运动时通常受到比在开阔水域中更大的水动力.这些水动力对船舶操纵性具有不利影响,有可能导致船舶碰撞或触底等海上事故.因此,为了在船舶设计阶段预报其操纵性能,考虑浅水效应和岸壁效应以准确计算内河船舶操纵运动水动力非常重要.本文基于CFD方法,通过对粘性绕流进行数值模拟,对长江中营运的三艘内河船舶的操纵运动水动力进行计算.首先,为了验证数值方法的可靠性,对标模KVLCC2纯横荡和纯首摇试验的水动力进行计算,并将计算结果与现有的试验数据进行对比.然后,对三艘内河船舶在不同水深下的静舵试验、纯横荡和纯首摇试验进行数值模拟,计算得到水动力及相应的线性水动力导数.最后,基于计算得到的水动力导数,获得Nomoto模型中的操纵性参数,对比分析三艘内河船舶在深浅水中的操纵性能.结果表明,本文方法可以揭示不同水深下三艘内河船舶的操纵性变化趋势.该方法可为船舶设计阶段内河船舶深浅水中的操纵性预报提供一种实用的工具. 相似文献
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随着高速铁路的大范围应用,无砟轨道在列车荷载与水耦合作用下的水致损伤问题备受关注。为研究列车荷载与水耦合作用下无砟轨道层间裂纹扩展现象,运用有限元软件进行无砟轨道层间裂纹扩展分析,开展动荷载与水耦合作用下的混凝土层间裂纹扩展试验。研究结果表明:裂纹尖端疲劳寿命与列车速度呈二次方关系,随列车轴重增加,裂纹尖端疲劳寿命显著降低;裂纹尖端剪应力随裂纹深度增大呈高次方增长;裂纹扩展初期尖端多呈一定弧度,裂纹局部会伴有压溃现象;混凝土层间裂纹沿界面扩展时为折线形,并可能会产生裂纹分叉,最终导致裂纹面掉块现象发生。 相似文献
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Container shipping has been expanding dramatically during the last decade. Due to their special structural characteristics, such as the wide breadth and large hatch openings, horizontal bending and torsion play an important role to the fatigue safety of containerships. In this study the fatigue contributions from vertical bending, horizontal bending and torsion are investigated using full-scale measurements of strain records on two containerships. Further, these contributions are compared to results from direct calculations where a nonlinear 3D panel method is used to compute wave loads in time domain. It is concluded that both bending and torsion have significant impacts on the fatigue assessment of containerships. The stresses caused by these loads could be correctly computed by full-ship finite element analysis. However, this requires large computational effort, since for fatigue assessment purposes the FE analysis needs to be carried out for all encountered sea states and operational conditions with sufficient time steps for each condition. In this paper, a new procedure is proposed to run the structure finite element analysis under only one sea condition for only a few time steps. Then, these results are used to obtain a relationship between wave loads and structural stresses through a linear regression analysis. This relation can be further used to compute stresses for arbitrary sea states and operational conditions using the computed wave loads (bending and torsion moments) as input. Based on this proposed method for structure stress analysis, an efficient procedure is formulated and found to be in very good agreement with the full-ship finite element analysis. In addition it is several orders of magnitude more time efficient for fatigue assessment of containership structures. 相似文献
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This paper investigates the hydrodynamic damping of a circular cylinder with helical strakes at Keulegan-Carpenter (KC) number from 0.07 to 3 in the presence of steady currents. Experiments were performed with a straked cylinder oscillating in either in-line or cross currents over Reynolds number (based on the oscillating velocity amplitude) varying from 1260 to 54,000. With in-line current being present, the measured drag coefficients of the straked cylinder are found to depend on the ratio between the oscillating velocity amplitude and the steady current velocity. This phenomenon is further confirmed by computational fluid dynamics using large-eddy simulations. The drag coefficients obtained from the numerical simulations agree well with the experimentally determined values. Similar phenomenon is observed for the cases with cross background current. Based on the experimental data, empirical formulae are proposed to evaluate drag coefficients. These results are of importance in estimating the resonant motion and the fatigue life of risers, e.g. water intake risers, in the flow regime of low KC. Finally, recommendations are provided for fatigue analysis of risers with helical strakes from the perspective of engineering practice. 相似文献
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针对仿鱼型海洋探测机器人低速时的机动性问题,受鹞鲼鱼类依靠胸鳍摆动实现各种水下运动的启发,设计出一种基于共融理论的复合驱动刚-柔多体耦合仿生鱼胸鳍机构。通过构建基于三维非定常湍流控制方程组的柔性鳍摆动系统水动力学模型,研究仿生胸鳍柔性鳍面摆动时周围压力和速度场的变化情况,分析不同摆动幅度和频率下鳍面的水动力学特性,揭示仿生鹞鲼机器鱼的水下运动机理,对摆动胸鳍的水动力进行仿真。结论表明:鳍面摆动时周围的漩涡能够引起胸鳍面上推力、升力及侧向力按类似正弦变化,而推进力和侧向力的大小随摆动幅值和摆动频率增加而增大。 相似文献
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In this paper, we propose a method of modeling free flow speed from the viewpoint of hydroplaning. First, the lift forces for different water depths were estimated using Bernoulli’s equation. Compared with the result of the experimental test performed by the Japan Automobile Research Institute, the hydrodynamic pressure coefficient was determined to be 0.03 (tf s2/m4). The validation of the predicted lift force is found in another published paper. A very good match is found between the computed values by the proposed numerical model and the data in other published papers. Then, the loss of contact force is considered to evaluate the hydroplaning performance of a tire. To simulate the hydroplaning speed, a tire-sliding model was utilized to obtain the traction and friction forces between the road surface and the tire. The observation data obtained in Japan in 2009 is compared with the physically computed hydroplaning speed, yielding the conclusion that the traction force at the measured desired speed is, on average, 23.4% of the traction force at hydroplaning speed. The analytical model offers a useful tool to quantitatively show that the free flow speed changes as the water depth increase. 相似文献
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Yoshiki Nishi Kentaroh Kokubun Kunihiro Hoshino Shotaro Uto 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2009,14(3):285-295
Vortex-induced vibrations of a rigid circular cylinder were studied by constructing a theory based on a wake oscillator model
under quasisteady approximations, thereby evaluating vortex-induced hydrodynamic forces acting on the cylinder. A lock-in
limit line representing the boundary for the occurrence of frequency lock-in was also theoretically derived. Hydrodynamic
forces in forced oscillation problems estimated by the theory were compared with measured ones. Although some discrepancies
were found, particularly in cases with high-frequency oscillations, good agreement was achieved in most cases. Accordingly,
we conclude that the present theory captures well real phenomena in the wake downstream of a cylinder subjected to a flow. 相似文献
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