基于热-机耦合的柴油机气缸套强度研究

为使气缸套的结构设计、制造、强度校核及疲劳寿命分析更加精确化,利用有限元仿真软件,对某型柴油机气缸套在热负荷、机械应力作用下的应力及变形情况分别进行单边界条件计算和热-机顺序耦合计算,并做疲劳分析。结果表明,热-机械顺序耦合下气缸套的最大应力分布于气缸套内表面与上表面交界处,最大值不超过材料的极限应力;气缸套的最小疲劳安全系数满足设计要求,最有可能发生疲劳破坏的部位位于气缸套上部螺栓孔根部所处的高度平面、水套最底面所处平面及气缸套上表面外沿处。     

Methodology for ro-ro ship and fleet sizing with application to short sea shipping

A novel methodology is developed for determining the characteristics of a cargo roll-on/roll-off (ro-ro) ship and the fleet size required for a given short sea shipping route. The ship and required fleet size to satisfy the transportation demand (for each pair of speed and freight rate) are determined using a database of existing cargo ro-ro ships to obtain the main technical characteristics of the most suitable ship. The time charter, voyage costs and revenue are then calculated considering the technical characteristics of each ship. Fuel costs are corrected for the actual ship speed and loading condition. A number of restrictions in the transportation problem are considered leading to the exclusion of unfeasible solutions. The maximum profit over the period of a year is identified among the feasible pairs of speed and freight rate. This general methodology is applied in a case study that considers the route between Leixões (Portugal) and Rotterdam (Netherlands). The study allows the identification of the most suitable ship and fleet sizes for different market penetration levels and quantifies the impact on shipping company profit of changes in parameters such as fuel costs, time charter costs, emission control area, installed propulsion power and stacking factor.     

Mathematically calculating the transit time of cargo through a liner shipping network with various trans-shipment policies

This paper derives the mathematical expressions for the transit time of cargo through a liner shipping network. Main efforts are devoted to deriving the calculation expressions of the connection time of cargo during trans-shipment. For the forward and many-to-one trans-shipment policies, we conduct a minor correction towards the expressions in existing studies to improve the completeness. Meanwhile, we propose an alternative but more straightforward calculation method for connection time which bypasses the complicated inductive argument in existing studies. Then we introduce two new trans-shipment policies: backward trans-shipment and one-to-many trans-shipment, and mathematically calculate the corresponding connection times. Numerical experiments also deliver some managerial insights into the effectiveness of backward trans-shipment in transit time control.     

船舶柴油机气缸套凸肩裂纹原因分析

分析柴油机故障中常见的机体裂纹故障原因,认为由于设计缺陷和管理及操作不当,易造成船舶柴油机缸体上的裂纹多发生在气缸套凸肩处。如不及时处理这些裂纹和故障,就会造成缸套的裂纹直至出现缸套漏水等严重后果,针对NANTAIQUEEN轮柴油机对该类型故障的检修提出具体措施。     

基于航速调整的班轮燃油补给优化

燃油成本在班轮运营总成本中占有很大比重,燃油补给是影响航运公司班轮运营成本和效益的一项重要决策.基于航速调整策略,以班轮运营总成本最小化为目标,建立燃油补给混合整数非线性规划模型,运用分段线性逼近法对燃油消耗函数进行线性化处理,并设计了求解算法步骤.实例分析验证了模型和求解方法的有效性.结果表明,在航运市场需求低迷的情况下,船舶更适宜采取较低的航速,采取灵活的加油港策略或放宽船舶到港时间窗限制,能更为有效地降低燃油成本.     

脉冲气缸润滑油系统的技术特点

介绍并分析了在RTA和RT-flex柴油机上采用的一种全新的电子控制的脉冲气缸润滑油系统（PLS）。它通过对气缸壁润滑油分布的改进和充分灵活、精确定时的润滑油喷射,较原有的气缸润滑油蓄压器系统可减少气缸润滑油消耗37％,同时保持了活塞运转的可靠性。     

汽油机活塞组—气缸套整体耦合传热模型及应用

采用直接耦合的有限元分析方法对一汽油机的活塞组—气缸套系统的瞬态传热过程进行了研究。通过将润滑油膜假设为一维热阻,建立了活塞组—气缸套整体耦合系统的三维传热模型,应用所开发的三维流体动压润滑分析程序对活塞环组沿周向瞬时变化的油膜厚度进行了计算与分析。以LJ377MV汽油机活塞组—气缸套零部件为对象进行了应用研究,获得了更为清晰的多部件间的相互传热关系。     

伏龙坪双层隧道三维有限元分析

为了缓解兰州市区伏龙坪地段交通流量大,南北方向道路路面过于狭窄,且修建大断面隧道较为困难,故初步设计为双层双车道隧道。为更好地配合南山伏龙坪双层隧道的施工,也为了验证该施工方案的合理性和可行性,将在空间上对其进行讨论研究。其采用弹塑性有限元法,利用大型的仿真模拟软件(ANSYS中的土木模块)分析了在侧壁导坑的施工方法下伏龙坪双层双车道公路隧道各个施工阶段的围岩和衬砌在空间的受力、变形状态,考虑材料的非线性特征,采用DP屈服准则,并对此方案的应力云图、开挖过程的应力曲线和位移曲线加以研究和分析讨论,为双层隧道以后的施工做出了正确的理论指导。     

增压中冷柴油机湿式气缸套周向应变的动态测试与分析

针对内燃机气缸套的动态变形问题,提出一套对湿式缸套在工作时的变形进行测试的方法。通过对增压中冷柴油机湿式气缸套周向应变的动态测试与分析,绘出缸套在工作时产生的周向变形曲线,分析缸套变形的特点以及主要影响因素。研究结果表明:增压后转速升高对缸套应变影响不明显,缸套的最大变形出现在各作用力对缸套壁面作功最大的2 200 r/m in工况。