J型铺设系统施工工艺研究

J型铺设法被认为是最适用于深水和超深水管线铺设的方法。文中针对16 000 t深水半潜式起重铺管平台所采用的铺管形式及J型铺设系统的结构布置特点,将J型铺设工艺分为管线初始铺设、正常J型铺设周期和管线终止铺设三个部分。管线初始铺设包括初始准备、管线初始端PLET的安装及连接PLET与起始桩;正常铺设周期是指在平台甲板上进行管线装载开始直至管线从J型塔下放入水的一系列工艺流程;管线终止铺设包括收弃管作业过程。系统研究各部分的工艺流程,提出了适合目标平台所配备的J型铺设系统的铺管程序,为今后J型铺设系统的研究及实际铺设工程作业提供参考。     

铺管船定位作业时的建模与分析

建立了J型半潜式铺管起重船非线性船舶运动数学模型和环境模型。采用自然悬链线法得到管道对船舶的近似动态水平作用力模型,给出了随着船体运动管道受到的作用力和管道形状的变化。针对铺管作业时张紧器和管道间的恒张力问题设计了控制器,控制器限制了船舶的运动和管道作用力的变化率,从而使管道和张紧器之间不会出现滑动,保证了铺管作业的安全性。     

深海钢悬链线立管（SCR）安装强度分析

在研究深水钢悬链立管（SCR）安装方法基础上,结合实际工程安装经验,提出了深水SCR在J-lay这种铺管方式下的安装方案,应用专业立管安装分析软件Orcaflex对各个安装过程进行实例分析,对安装过程中立管的安装强度进行校核。     

Numerical simulation of piggyback pipelaying under current loadings

For piggyback pipelaying operations, current-induced force and its effect on the piggyback pipe have not been thoroughly studied. In the present study, an improved method in hydrodynamic load calculation and structural modelling is proposed to simulate the pipelaying of a piggyback pipeline. In order to obtain the mean drag and lift force coefficients for the piggyback pipeline subjected to different inflow angles, two-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed by modelling the piggyback pipeline as two cylinders attached to each other without gap. Then, the acquired force coefficients are used to calculate the hydrodynamic loads through a user-defined function in OrcaFlex based on a cross-flow principle approach. The interaction between the pipeline and the piggyback cable is modelled using two types contact elements which are ring penetrator and non-penetrating contact. The present proposed method is compared with other two widely used engineering methods based on (1) the equivalent diameter and (2) two separate cylinders without accounting for hydrodynamic interaction, in terms of the top tension, and the bending moments at Hang-off Clamps (HOC) and sagbend of the pipeline. The comparison shows that the two widely used engineering methods are not always conservative in force and response predictions. Hence, it is important to consider the hydrodynamic and structural interactions between the piggyback cable and the pipeline. With different current directions, the bending moments at the HOC predicted by the present method vary from 40% lower to 100% higher than those predicted by the two widely used engineering methods.