填海区地铁盾构隧道下穿公路施工地层沉降规律的数值模拟

以深圳地铁2号线盾构隧道下穿填海区滨海大道公路为背景,利用非线性有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立三维有限元模型,研究在隧道施工扰动下,地表的横向沉降和纵向沉降、地层的水平位移和分层沉降的变形规律.仿真计算结果表明:在隧道横断面方向上地表沉降近似呈正态分布,在纵断面方向上地表沉降槽宽度约为15.0 m;距隧道开挖面越近,地层水平位移受车辆荷载和隧道开挖扰动越大;在车辆荷载作用区域,地表沉降和地层水平位移均大于非车辆荷载作用区域,地层的分层沉降和沉降槽宽度均随着地层埋深增加而减小,地层的上部沉降普遍大于下部;在非车辆荷载作用区域,隧道中心线上方的土体沉降随着地层埋深的增加而增加.     

A hybrid Bayesian Network approach to detect driver cognitive distraction

Driver cognitive distraction (e.g., hand-free cell phone conversation) can lead to unapparent, but detrimental, impairment to driving safety. Detecting cognitive distraction represents an important function for driver distraction mitigation systems. We developed a layered algorithm that integrated two data mining methods—Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) and supervised clustering—to detect cognitive distraction using eye movement and driving performance measures. In this study, the algorithm was trained and tested with the data collected in a simulator-based study, where drivers drove either with or without an auditory secondary task. We calculated 19 distraction indicators and defined cognitive distraction using the experimental condition (i.e., “distraction” as in the drives with the secondary task, and “no distraction” as in the drives without the secondary task). We compared the layered algorithm with previously developed DBN and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms. The results showed that the layered algorithm achieved comparable prediction performance as the two alternatives. Nonetheless, the layered algorithm shortened training and prediction time compared to the original DBN because supervised clustering improved computational efficiency by reducing the number of inputs for DBNs. Moreover, the supervised clustering of the layered algorithm revealed rich information on the relationship between driver cognitive state and performance. This study demonstrates that the layered algorithm can capitalize on the best attributes of component data mining methods and can identify human cognitive state efficiently. The study also shows the value in considering the supervised clustering method as an approach to feature reduction in data mining applications.     

层状岩体的力学特征和数值模拟方法研究

层状岩体由于具有层状结构,不仅变形和强度性质有异于一般的岩体,岩体的破坏方式及机理也具有明显的特点。作者在前人研究的基础上,结合自己对该问题的研究,全面总结了倾斜层状岩体的力学特征和数值模拟方法,并对各种模拟方法的优缺点进行了比较。     

桥梁群桩基础抗震简化计算模型的适用性研究

本文对群桩基础常用的抗震简化计算模型进行对比分析,指出各计算模型间的差异。在此基础上,提出改进的分层文克尔弹簧模型,并在该模型中采用桩身的等效面积比η间接考虑桩侧摩阻力和桩底土竖向抗力的影响。分析结果表明:应用集中弹簧模型模拟桩基础的柔性效应时,应考虑耦联刚度的影响;应用分层文克尔弹簧模型模拟群桩基础的桩土相互作用时,应考虑桩侧摩阻力和桩底土抗力的影响;在改进的分层文克尔弹簧模型中,桩身的等效面积比η随桩长及桩底土竖向地基系数的增加而增大,随桩径的增加而减小,且η值越大,对桥墩及桩基础的地震响应影响越大,只有当η接近1.0时,方可采用分层文克尔弹簧模型进行抗震分析。     

Theoretical Formula for Calculating Negative Skin Friction of Pile in Layered Soil and Its Application

Based on Zeevaert's method, a theoretical formula was developed to calculate the negative skin friction of pile in layered soil. For practical purpose,a cut-and-try method was proposed to determine neutral point. Case studies indicate that the total calculated negative skin friction was in agreement with the measured one, which verifies the feasibility and practicability of theoretical formula. Furthermore, the methods for calculating efficiency factor of drag load and settlement were also given.     

层状岩体边坡动力稳定性模型试验研究

在相似理论的基础上,通过室内振动试验,揭示了层状岩体边坡在受到动力扰动下的变形与破坏特征。试验结果表明,在动力作用下,层状岩体边坡将出现与其它岩体边坡不同的变形与破坏形式:①坡体的整体松动现象;②沿应力集中带的拉裂破坏;③反倾岩层的倾倒弯曲和崩塌滑坡;④顺层岩体的挤压隆起现象;⑤岩块沿坡面的流动现象;⑥坡顶沉降变形。     

Two- or three-layered box-models versus fine 3D models for coastal ecological modelling? A comparative study in the English Channel (Western Europe)

The general trend in ecosystem modelling is to improve the spatial resolution by shifting from rough box-models to fine 3D models. Despite the continuous speeding-up of computing, 3D models involving numerous state variables may remain intractable, especially for parameter calibration, when processes with long half-life periods (i.e, from years to decades) are introduced, such as the behaviour of organic matter in sediment and population dynamics of benthic species. In these cases, a first approach can be provided by fast-running box-models, if they take into account the most crucial hydrodynamic properties of the system. In a macrotidal shelf sea such as the English Channel, the long-term horizontal transport can be summarized by the tidal residual circulation, and the vertical stratification can be sketched by a two- or three-layered integral model.This paper compares the results obtained in the English Channel area by the same biogeochemical equations of pelagic primary production, coupled to 1) a two-layered box-model 2) a three-layered box-model (i.e., with an intermediate cline layer between surface and bottom ones) and 3) a fine-gridded 3D model. Comparison is focused firstly on thermal stratification and summer dinoflagellate blooms in the north-western Channel and secondly on the haline stratification and the sequence of blooms obtained in the eutrophicated Seine river plume. Comparison shows that box-models act as low-pass filters which reproduce correctly the weekly mean time-course, but greatly reduce the variance locally observed in a tide-oscillating plume region. As far as global characteristics are concerned, such as the annual primary production, or the percentage of variation in annual production after reducing the nutrient loadings, the box and 3D models gave very similar results. This conclusion reinforces the usefulness of using box-models as a first approach in long-term processes, for which a long transient phase is expected before reaching the annual periodic solution.     

基于IPSec的CBTC数据安全传输的研究

在研究基于通信的列车控制(CBTC)系统的基础上,分析基于WLAN的数据传输系统的各种可能受到的安全威胁,提出基于IPSec协议的安全加强措施,在此基础上对IPSec协议进行改进和升级,构建分级IPSec数据传输方案,并进行数据传输实验,实验证明系统的安全性得到改进.     

基于Midas/gts的基坑开挖方式对比

围护体系相同的情况下,不同的基坑开挖方式对基坑围护结构及土体变形量的影响有很大差异。以某海相软土深基坑工程为依托,通过三维有限元模拟分析,对比分层开挖与阶梯式开挖所引起的围护结构侧向位移、排桩弯矩、基坑水平位移等参数。结果表明,阶梯式开挖能够有效控制其空间效应并减小基坑支护结构与土体的位移。     

顺层路堑边坡岩体爆破的层裂效应试验研究

结合渝怀铁路顺层岩质地段路堑施工,通过对6次单孔爆破层裂试验中振速与声波探测结果的耦合分析,确定出该区岩体的临界质点振速为25 3cm·s-1。对8次深孔台阶爆破、浅孔台阶爆破和浅孔光面爆破地震波测量结果的回归分析与计算讨论表明,这3种爆破方式都会使边坡岩体产生不同程度的层裂效应,深孔爆破引起的岩体层裂范围达9 12m,而浅孔爆破则仅为2 18m～2 42m。对于顺层岩质地段路堑开挖,可采用主开挖区深孔爆破与缓冲爆破相结合、顺倾一侧边坡预留保护层浅孔爆破与光面爆破相结合的施工方案,能保证开挖爆破产生的层裂范围小于2 2m。