功率循环测试中衬底焊接层的可靠性

基板与陶瓷衬底之间的焊层寿命通常利用IGBT模块的被动加热和冷却(热循环)来测试,但这种试验会引起焊层失效(分层)。实际应用中,IGBT和二极管芯片是主动被加热的,诸如焊线脱落等其它模式的失效也会限制使用寿命,通常可通过功率循环试验来评估这种应力的影响。本文通过功率循环试验来评估衬底焊层的失效,利用高循环周次的测试进行有效的衬底焊层热循环试验,其关键在于功率循环过程中焊层温度的预测。在温度波动不大的条件下,比较了被动热循环和主动功率循环时对焊接寿命的影响。     

Challenges and Benefits in the Design of Coastal Walking and Cycling Amenities: Toward a More Integrated Coastal Management Approach

The planning and development of pedestrian and cycling amenities in coastal urban environments is a challenging process because a wide range of policies and considerations must be taken into account. Among these, the concepts of sustainability and more recently, resilience, have been gaining prominence. Green Infrastructure design approaches can integrate aspects of both sustainability and resilience, providing multiple services within single development projects. This study focuses on Dublin and examines a range of amenity projects at various stages of development that relate to the provision of new coastal walking and/or cycle routes. These are initially contextualized at the city level before focusing specifically on challenges and benefits associated with the design and implementation of such projects. Based on our findings, recommendations are made for optimizing the potential of future projects to effectively integrate with other initiatives so as to deliver broader policy objectives. A simple sequential model is presented that should assist developers and decision-makers to take a more integrated, multidisciplinary approach to meeting policy goals when planning and developing coastal amenities. Finally, this is remodeled into a set of considerations that are generally applicable to coastal development proposals of significant scale.     

翻车机牵车驱动装置优化改造

针对翻车机牵车驱动装置在设计上存在问题,从机械结构和电气控制上进行了分析,并相应地进行了优化改造,使之更合理,消除了故障隐患。     

城市道路交叉口借道右转车道设置方法

为了弥补交叉口空间布局中对借道右转车道研究的不足,分析了借道右转车辆在两相邻交叉口间的运行过程,将两交叉口间距分为四部分。采用波动理论、考虑驾驶员的操作顺适性以及采用概率论方法,建立了借道右转的右转车道适宜开口位置模型、借道右转的绿化带开口长度模型和路段右转车辆的合流段长度模型,在此基础上得到了实施借道右转的两交叉口最小间距模型。实例分析表明,所得模型符合两相邻交叉口间的交通流运行实际,对于判断两相邻交叉口是否适合于设置借道右转,以及设置借道右转时如何对各构成部分进行分析具有指导意义。     

盾构机工业水循环系统设计

为了解决目前盾构机主驱动电机及液压系统等发热设备的冷却问题,通过对用水系统的热平衡计算,对水泵和热交换器的选型及管路系统的设计等进行了简单描述和总结,设计出开闭式相结合的盾构机工业用水系统,用于关键设备的冷却和盾构机的日常掘进用水,冷却效果明显,目前广泛应用于日立盾构机施工。     

铅对鼠红细胞免疫功能的影响

选大鼠及小鼠用醋酸铅腹腔染毒法，初步探讨了铅对鼠红细胞免疫功能的影响。结果表明，连续染毒２周后，大鼠及小鼠的ＲＢＣ－Ｃ＿３ｂ受体花环率未见明显改变，而ＲＢＣ－ＩＣ受体花环率随染毒剂量的增加呈递增趋势，高剂量组与对照组比较均有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

Application of Lead Viscoelastic Dampers to Wind Vibration Control on Big-Span Power Transmission Tower

To study the wind vibration response of power transmission tower, the lead viscoelastic dampers (LVDs) were applied to a cup tower. With time history analysis method, the displacement, velocity, acceleration and force response of the tower was calculated and analyzed. The results show that the control effect of lead viscoelastic dampers is very good, and the damping ratio can reach 20% or more when they are applied to the tower head.     

Phasing out lead in automotive fuels: conversion considerations, policy formulation, and application to Lebanon

The serious public health effects of lead are widely recognized, and many countries of the world have taken steps to completely eliminate it from automotive fuels. This study reviews the international experience with phasing out leaded gasoline; considerations affecting adoption of unleaded fuel are identified, and difficulties underlying change are synthesized. Factors related to technology, supply availability, distribution channels, economics, and social equity are underlined. International experience is distilled into a set of desirable characteristics of policies for phasing out leaded fuel. Such desirable properties include robustness vis-à-vis enforcement and compliance, the existence of a few “control points”, flexibility with respect to future vehicle and fuel technologies, cost-neutrality, and fairness in terms of incidence on socio-economic groups. The case of Lebanon is considered in structuring a practical strategy for phasing out leaded fuel. Positive and negative factors likely to affect the success of lead phaseout strategies in Lebanon are identified. Consideration of these factors along with the desirable attributes of successful policies has led to the development of a recommended plan for leaded fuel phaseout.     

乳化沥青冷再生路面面层合理厚度分析

针对乳化沥青冷再生作为路面下面层时适用公路等级的问题,拟定了9种典型的冷再生路面组合形式,运用BISAR3.0软件分析了不同厚度和基层模量的再生路面结构的路表弯沉值和疲劳寿命,结合工程实践和我国交通等级的划分,分析了不同厚度下冷再生面层适应的公路等级。     

砂卵石地层气垫式泥水盾构的优化

为解决气垫式泥水盾构在砂卵石地层中存在卵石堆积泥水仓和气垫仓底部、造成碎石机频繁损坏和泥浆管路堵塞等问题,通过对底部堆积、堵塞管路、破碎机频繁损坏的原因进行分析,认为造成堆积和堵塞的原因主要是泥浆在气垫仓和泥水仓流速偏低,不能及时带走碴土,从而造成碎石机频繁损坏和仓底底部堵塞。通过对这些问题的研究讨论,提出通过增加底部、刀盘冲刷以及主机段泥浆循环的方案来解决底部堆积、堵塞管路的问题,同时改变碎石机的结构来解决其寿命短的问题。