The Potential of a Legislative Approach to Managing Beach Use: The Case of Beach Bylaws in the Republic of Ireland

This article examines the use of inland mined sand and offshore dredged sand for beach nourishment projects in North Carolina, focusing on the question of whether inland mined sand is economically preferential for hot‐spot erosion control. Excavation, processing, and transport costs are presented, and cost efficiencies of hypothetical beach nourishment projects are compared. Cost analyses indicate that inland mined sand is economical for small projects (10,000–50,000 cubic yards), given that a clean sand source can be located within 15 miles of the nourishment site. The two factors primarily influencing per cubic yard costs of inland sand are overland transportation expenses and processing costs. The use of dredged offshore sand is less expensive for large projects (> 100,000 cubic yards) due to the economies of scale affecting dredge mobilization. Large beach nourishment projects in North Carolina will most likely continue to utilize offshore dredged sand.     

2006年海事劳工公约对我国海员劳务外派产业的影响

2006年《海事劳工公约》的通过对于保护全球海员根本利益和促进国际海运业的可持续发展具有重要的意义。公约涉及的范围非常广泛,本文试图以其对我国海员劳务外派产业的影响为切入点,探讨我国现行立法和管理机制与公约存在的差距,从而提出一些初步的设想与合理化建议。     

Extant Legal and Jurisdictional Constraints on Irish Coastal Management

The success of any coastal zone management policy is dependent on, among other things, effective legislation and its enforcement. This article examines some possible legal constraints on the implementation of an integrated coastal zone management policy in Ireland. An introduction to the existing legal framework is provided, and the inconsistencies and ambiguities related, in particular, to jurisdiction and area of responsibility are highlighted. In particular the effect of land ownership and property rights on coastal zone management are examined with reference to two popular resort beaches in County Donegal, Ireland. While a revision of the relevant legislation is desirable, it is probably unrealistic; however, powers are available to the various institutions involved in coastal management that are currently unused. These are reviewed and their potential to improve coastal zone management is discussed.     

使用EGR技术的柴油机国IV排放研究

本文通过对发动机增压器匹配优化、EGR冷却器散热面积计算和ANSYS建模分析、带EGR的发动机稳态和瞬态标定技术研究等,验证了EGR结合POC和DOC可以使4．5L样机满足国TV排放法规。而EGR＋DOC不能使样机满足国IV排放法规。     

英国水上行政强制立法及其对我国的借鉴

随着国际贸易和航运业的发展,船舶发生重特大水上险情和事故的风险在不断增大。一些重特大事故对海上人命财产安全、海洋环境、通航安全、港口生产等公共利益构成严重威胁。政府主管部门为避免或减少对公共利益的损害,有责任对这些事故的处置进行干预,在紧急情况下还应采取必要的强制措施。然而,目前我国水上应急处置方面的法律法规还很不完善,主管部门难以依法实施干预和处置行动。文中通过介绍英国水上行政强制相关立法情况,旨在对加强我国水上应急处置行政强制方面的立法能够起到一定的借鉴作用。     

欧盟海事立法研究

文章介绍了欧盟海事立法的产生、程序、框架和主要内容，分析了欧盟海事立法对国际海事立法的影响，提出了我国应当采取的对策。     

The 2008 New Zealand public transport management act: Rationale, key provisions, and parallels with the United Kingdom

In January 2009, following a lengthy industry review and consultation process, the New Zealand Public Transport Management Act (PTMA) came into force. The Act allows Regional Transport Authorities, as the primary procurers of public transport services, to place either a control or a contracting requirement upon services that are registered as commercial requiring no subsidy. The imposition of either the control or the contracting requirement is designed to facilitate greater system integration, improve service continuity and enhance services to the customer, andallow the Authority to invest in key strategic projects, such as integrated fares and ticketing, so as to grow patronage.The PTMA’s other objective is to ensure improved value for public subsidies. Recent years have seen significant subsidy inflation for seemingly little commensurate benefits. The Act will allow the Regional Transport Authority to achieve greater value for money through improved farebox, a shift to longer, larger contracts to increase competition in the market, a more appropriate allocation of risk, and the removal of the ability of operators to ‘game’ the current system by using strategically placed commercial services as barriers to competition.Similar concerns have also stimulated new legislation in the UK and this paper illustrates the parallels in the environment and proposed response.     

论韩国电子商务的发展

近年来,世界经济最显著的特点之一是以信息技术为代表的新经济的崛起,新经济的出现对传统的经济理论提出了很大的挑战.关于新经济的研究成果已经非常丰富.电子商务在新经济中占有非常重要的地位,因此对电子商务的研究是十分必要的.韩国撰写了经济腾飞的奇迹,电子商务的发展已经很成熟,因此从中韩对比的角度研究电子商务,具有重要的理论和实践意义.本文的主旨在于从中韩对比的角度考察中国电子商务发展状况,并从比较中提出相应的建议.