考虑围岩蠕变特性的TBM隧道管片衬砌受力特性研究

为研究深部高地应力岩层中修建TBM隧道时管片衬砌结构的力学行为,以某深埋TBM工法隧道为研究对象,建立基于围岩蠕变和管片分块效应的衬砌-围岩复合模型,研究考虑时间效应下管片衬砌的受力特性。结果表明:考虑围岩蠕变效应下管片衬砌受力表现出明显的时间效应。随着围岩蠕变时间的延长,管片衬砌的形变、内力和接缝张开量均呈现两阶段增长,具体表现为前期呈线性增长,后期增加趋缓。洞周围岩应力经历三阶段变化,即先减小后增大直至稳定。围岩蠕变时间为100年时,管片衬砌的内力和形变量均接近极限值。研究结果可为深部高地应力且考虑围岩蠕变效应下的TBM隧道衬砌结构设计提供参考。     

对一个计算船体失效概率公式的讨论

本文讨论了文献[1]给出的计算船体失效概率公式在原理及数值结果方面存在的问题，进而导得了相应的正确表达式。该式可用于分析各个海况对船体安全性的影响，为船体可靠性长期分析，提供了一个有效途径。     

Implementation and application of a stochastic aircraft boarding model

The aircraft turnaround processes is mainly controlled by the ground handling, airport or airline staff, except the aircraft boarding, which is driven by the passengers’ experience and willingness or ability to follow the proposed boarding procedures. The paper uses a prior developed, calibrated, stochastic aircraft boarding model, which is applied to different boarding strategies (chronological order of passenger arrival, hand luggage handling), group constellations and innovative infrastructural changes (Flying Carpet, Side-Slip Seat, Foldable Passenger Seat). In this context, passenger boarding is assumed to be a stochastic, agent-based, forward-directed, one-dimensional and discrete process. The stochastic model covers individual passenger behavior as well as operational constraints and deviations. A comprehensive assessment using one model allows for efficient comparison of current research approaches and innovative operational solutions for efficient passenger boarding.     

交通环境变化下的交通与经济互动性分析

交通和经济是区域的两大职能因素,它们是相互影响并且相互制约的。交通环境的变化将对区域经济产生重要的影响,同时经济发展也将进一步地刺激交通发展。以宜昌市为例,在分析宜昌交通环境变化及交通和经济发展的数据基础上,从对交通和经济相互影响的两个方面的分析,探讨了交通与经济的互动性。     

洋山港建设时期海域通道冲淤变化特征分析

洋山深水港区是由大、小洋山南、北两支岛链组成,形成东窄西宽面向杭州湾开口的喇叭状水域,文章结合洋山港建设以来现场实测水文、地形资料,分析了1998～2007年洋山海域通道内地形冲淤演变情况,将洋山港通道内地形变化特征概括为:随着边界的变化,地形冲淤调整迅速;南北格局呈现出"南淤北冲"的规律;长时间尺度来看,近期地形总体趋于相对平衡,略有冲刷;短时间上看,年内冲淤变化大。为洋山港港区进一步的规划方案论证提供基本依据。     

Evaluation of expected maximum values of forces acting on containers and lashing rods on a container ship

The appearance of a number of large container ships in the 8000 TEU range raises the importance of a plan for container lashing arrangements on deck in relation to the design of the ship. Therefore, it is expected that a new method for evaluating the lashing arrangements on deck will be introduced which is applicable regardless of the ship's size and the lashing pattern, instead of using the standards of several different societies, as happens at present. To evaluate the lashing arrangements on deck, the expected maximum values of the forces acting on the containers and lashing rods should be evaluated. This paper presents a new method of evaluating the container lashing arrangements on a container ship using an "acceleration ellipsoid." The applicability of the acceleration ellipsoid to an evaluation of the expected maximum values of the forces was examined by comparing the expected maximum values of the forces calculated by the long-term distribution calculation known as the "Fukuda method," to those calculated using the acceleration ellipsoid. By comparing these results, it was confirmed that the expected maximum values of the forces calculated using the acceleration ellipsoid were not less than those calculated through by the long-term distribution calculation. It is concluded that the acceleration ellipsoid can be used to evaluate the expected maximum values of the forces acting on containers and lashing rods. Received: December 14, 2000 / Accepted: March 22, 2001     

从短期试验结果预测新建预应力混凝土梁收缩和徐变的长期效应

基于计及钢筋配筋率、预应力钢筋松弛等影响的桥梁收缩、徐变长期效应计算式,提出了从梁体混凝土短期试验值推算相应素混凝土在该桥梁工作环境下收缩应变及徐变系数的方法;结合CEB FIPMC90收缩模型与徐变模型思想,得出计算桥梁素混凝土收缩应变及徐变系数的CEB FIPMC90修正公式。理论分析与试验结果比较表明,预测理论值给出了较好的精度。该预测方法,不需做材料的收缩、徐变试验,亦避免从标准环境下试验值推算桥梁工作环境下收缩、徐变可能产生的误差。     

波浪弯矩设计值与长期预报理论计算值的比较

本文分析了国际船级社协会（ＩＡＣＳ）纵向强度标准Ｓ１中，波浪弯矩值成采用ＩＡＣＳＷＰ／Ｓ委员会推荐的海浪谱和海况统计资料条件下的长期预报理论计算值的关系，大量计算实践表明后者总体上要比前者大１．５倍。文中建议为了把长期技术应用于船体波浪弯的直接设计计算，对上述预报过程可取１０概率水平时地长期预报值作为船体波浪湾矩设计值。     

华北高速公路交通事故的日迹变化与气象要素的关联分析

通过整理华北高速公路3年(2007年3月～2010年2月)逐时的交通事故资料,并与同步气象要素资料进行日迹变化分析,可以看到平均交通事故的日迹变化呈双峰型分布特征。由此,按交通事故双峰型的时间段(5:00～12:00和13:00～次日4:00),分别以年度、春季、夏季、秋季和冬季的平均交通事故与同步气象要素的日迹变化进行相关分析,其中平均气温、平均风速和平均相对湿度与交通事故的相关程度都通过了相应的统计学检验(R>Rα=0.05和F>Fα=0.05),而且在夏季5:00～12:00的交通事故高峰过程中,交通事故与风速呈指数相关的系数高达0.992 3,相当于平均风速每减小1m.s-1,交通事故的增加幅度为0.28次。为将自动气象监测的信息更好地服务于高速公路的交通安全,设计出了高速公路交通事故的气象风险等级指标。由此可见,华北高速公路交通事故的日迹变化与气象要素的分析成果,可为高速公路交通安全提供客观的科学依据。     

等容量血液稀释法治疗急性脑损伤灶周的病理学研究

采用对照试验，对实验性犬脑损伤进行等容量血液稀释（ＩＨＤ）治疗后，分析研究损伤灶周的病理学改变，以判别ＩＨＤ疗法对急性脑损伤的治疗效果。实验选用３２只犬，以钟摆式打击器制成脑挫裂伤模型，随机分４组：对照组，常规组，常规＋低右组及ＩＨＤ组。实验结束对损伤犬脑进行病理学检查并半定量计分。结果显示，ＩＨＤ组损伤灶周围脑水肿及急性损伤反应明显轻于其他组。研究表明ＩＨＤ法治疗急性脑损伤能减轻脑水肿及继发性脑损害，且不增加血管的通透性及出血倾向。