船员心理卫生工作探讨

在阐述船员心理卫生卫生工作的重要性和紧迫性的基础上,详细分析了目前给船员带来巨大心理压力的船员心理环境的新变化,提出船员保持心理卫生应采取的积极对策。     

海员心理健康的研究

本文对海员心理健康研究方法、海员心理健康现状及其影响因素、海员心理卫生保障等方面进行了回顾与展望，提出了保障海员心理卫生的相关建议，为海员心理健康的深入研究提供借鉴。     

Mental flexibility impairment in drivers with early Alzheimer's disease: A simulator-based study

After memory impairment, one of the most common troubles of early Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the impairment of executive functioning. However, it can have major consequences on daily life, notably on the driving activity. The present study focused on one important executive function involved in driving: mental flexibility; and considered how this impairment can affect driving. Ten patients with early AD were matched with 29 healthy older drivers. All participants were given an evaluation of mental flexibility through neuropsychological tests and an experimental test developed on a static driving simulator. The experiment was divided in two conditions; one without mental flexibility and another condition with a mental flexibility demand. AD patients showed impairments in the neuropsychological tests evaluating mental flexibility. These deficits are linked to the deficits they showed in the driving simulator flexibility tests. This study contributes to the understanding of mental flexibility mechanisms and on their role in driving activity. It also confirms that the driving simulator is a suitable tool to explore cognitive disorders and driving ability.     

中国海员心理健康状况及其影响因素研究

采用证状自评量表（SCL－90）、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）和驾驶员情绪状态量表（DPOMS），对随机抽取的235名中国海员的心理健康状况进行了问卷调查。结果表明：（1）中国海员的SCL－90总分及各因子分均显著高于全国常模，主要的心理问题为强迫症状、人际关系、抑郁和偏执，达到或超过中等严重程度者约占8．9％。（2）中国海员的年龄、工种和职务等因素对SCL－90的少数因子有显著影响，对大多数因子无显著影响。（3）中国海员的社会支持因子与SCL－90的大多数因子呈显著负相关，主观支持分显著高于客观支持分。（4）中国海员的消极情绪因子与SCL－90务因子呈显著正相关，积极情绪因子与SCL－90的躯体化、强迫、抑郁、敌对等因子呈显著负相关。（5）由愤怒、疲劳、慌乱及支持利用度等预测变量建立的标准化回归方程对中国海员的心理健康状况有较高的预测精度，具有良好的预测力。     

海员心理健康教育操作系统的构建

从我国海运企业的实际情况出发，提出了着眼于普及和发展模式的海员心理健康教育目标体系和教育内容，初步构建了海员心理健康教育操作系统的基本模式。     

A comparative analysis of transportation-based accessibility to mental health services

The demand for mental health services has been growing stronger over the last couple of decades. This indicates the need to study and assess the access to these mental health services especially with a focus on the vulnerable populations having the greatest need. As such, this paper presents a Geographical Information Systems (GIS)-based analysis in order to study and evaluate the accessibility of mental health facilities using the information on the spatial distributions of population and facilities, and regional traffic characteristics. For this purpose, different age group segments are utilized including the total population as well as those aged between 18 and 21, 22 and 49, 50 and 64, and those aged over 65 and 85. Focusing on the State of Florida, spatially detailed accessibility metrics are calculated with regard to healthcare facilities using travel times between population block groups and these critical mental health facilities. These estimates are used to calculate the weighted county accessibility scores for each county. Findings clearly delineate those counties that lack access to mental facilities, especially those in Northwest Florida, a demographically diverse and substantially rural region. This type of analysis can help planners and policy makers develop better strategies in order to provide adequate mental health care options needed in targeted locations.     

Travel mental budgeting under road toll: An investigation based on user equilibrium

With the approach of introducing the conceptions of mental account and mental budgeting into the process of travelers’ route choice, we try to identify why the usages of tolled roads are often overestimated. Assuming that every traveler sets a mental account for his/her travel to keep track of their expense and keep out-of-pocket spending under control, it addresses these questions such that “How much money can I spend on the travel?” and “What if I spend too much?”. Route tolls that exceed the budget are much more unacceptable compared to those within budget due to the non-fungibility of money between different accounts. A simple network with two nodes and two routes is analyzed firstly, the analytical solutions are obtained and the optimal road tolls supporting the user equilibrium as a system optimum are also derived. The proposed model is then extended to a generalized network. The multiclass user equilibrium conditions with travel mental budgeting are formulated into an equivalent variational inequality (VI) problem and an equivalent minimization problem. Through analyses with numerical examples, it is found that the main reason that the usages of high tolled roads are often overestimated is due to the fact that travelers with low and moderate out-of-pocket travel budget perceive a much higher travel cost than their actual cost on the high tolled roads.     

Towards a driver fatigue test based on the saccadic main sequence: A partial validation by subjective report data

Developing a valid measurement of mental fatigue remains a big challenge and would be beneficial for various application areas, such as the improvement of road traffic safety. In the present study we examined influences of mental fatigue on the dynamics of saccadic eye movements. Based on previous findings, we propose that among amplitude and duration of saccades, the peak velocity of saccadic eye movements is particularly sensitive to changes in mental fatigue. Ten participants completed a fixation task before and after 2 h of driving in a virtual simulation environment as well as after a rest break of fifteen minutes. Driving and rest break were assumed to directly influence the level of mental fatigue and were evaluated using subjective ratings and eye movement indices. According to the subjective ratings, mental fatigue was highest after driving but decreased after the rest break. The peak velocity of saccadic eye movements decreased after driving while the duration of saccades increased, but no effects of the rest break were observed in the saccade parameters. We conclude that saccadic eye movement parameters—particularly the peak velocity—are sensitive indicators for mental fatigue. According to these findings, the peak velocity analysis represents a valid on-line measure for the detection of mental fatigue, providing the basis for the development of new vigilance screening tools to prevent accidents in several application domains.     

《道德经》对高职院校学生心理健康教育的作用探讨

文章从自我意识、情绪、人格等方面分析了高职院校学生存在的心理问题,并借鉴《道德经》的教育思想,阐述其对高职院校学生心理的健康发展和形成所能起到的指导作用.