Investigation of the shear flows over a sunroof opening based on a linear inviscid instability analysis

The large-scale shear flows over the sunroof opening of a mid-sized SUV measured using a PIV system were investigated. The shear flows were measured for five different cases of deflector protrusion (one case was the baseline test without deflector) at two different free stream flow velocities below the critical velocity where the buffeting noise level reached a maximum. The structures of the shear flows were observed to differ, apparently depending on whether the radiated buffeting noise is relatively strong or not. For strongly buffeting experimental cases, the momentum thicknesses of the shear layers were observed to grow rapidly and saturated at a station near the downstream edge of the sunroof opening, where the saturation of the transverse velocity fluctuations was also observed, and where the vortex coalescence process was presumably completed. On the other hand, no discrete large-scale vortex structures were observed for none-buffeting or weakly buffeting cases. Streamwise growth of the velocity fluctuations was found to be well predicted by a linear hydrodynamic instability analysis for the strongly buffeting cases. Numerical results obtained from a linear inviscid instability analysis using a hyperbolic tangent mean velocity profile were used to calculate the amplification factors with the initial momentum thickness and the streamwise fluctuation wavenumber. The shear flows were found to form large-scale discrete vortices when the linear inviscid amplification factors exceeded a threshold amplification factor.     

Influence of different combinations of impact mass and velocity with identical kinetic energy or momentum on the impact response of RC piles

Marine engineering structures may be subjected to various levels of vessel collisions, causing different degrees of damage to the RC piles. However, the influence of different combinations of impact mass and velocity under the same initial kinetic energy or momentum on the impact behavior of RC piles has not been explored. A numerical investigation of the impact responses of RC pile structures (including plumb piles and inclined pile groups) considering the material strain rate effect is carried out using the software ABAQUS/Explicit in this paper. Parametric studies are conducted based on the validated finite element models of RC piles subjected to horizontal impact. The internal force distributions, as well as the effect of the impact kinetic energy and the momentum (including different combinations of impact mass and initial velocity) on the impact response of RC piles, are discussed. The results indicate that the development path of the bending moment‒overall structural displacement curves in the plastic hinge regions of RC piles are almost identical under both impact and static loading conditions. Compared to momentum, the impact response of RC piles is insensitive to the variation of impact kinetic energy with different combinations of impact mass and velocity. Therefore, the impact kinetic energy is more suitable for evaluating the structural deformation of RC piles after impact. Finally, a performance-based impact-resistance design framework for RC piles is proposed.     

基于遗传算法的水平轴海流发电机叶片优化方法

提出一种基于遗传算法优化(GA)的水平轴海流发电机叶片优化方法,采用Xfoil和BEMT作为分析工具,适用于二维翼型和三维叶片的多目标优化,并以此为基础编写一套叶片优化程序。该优化方法在增加叶片获能效率和减小推力方面具有显著效果,同时对于翼型性能的提升也同样出色。     

沥青路面的雨天行车安全性分析

针对沥青路面的路表轮胎行车滑水,提出了行车的临界水膜厚度概念,利用动量定理进行了临界水膜厚度计算公式推导,计算了不同行车速度下的路表临界水膜厚度,经与国外的极限车速计算经验公式对比,验证了其可靠性,并以降雨的路表水膜厚度为依据,分析了以临界水膜厚度作为道路结构设计控制指标的行车安全性,提出了增加安全性的工程技术改善措施．     

推算汽车碰撞速度的两种图解法

本文根据动量平衡和动量守恒定律的基本原理，提出了两种推算碰撞前汽车动量或碰撞速度的图解方法，这两种图解方法绘制简单，适合编程由计算机制作，为交通事故再现推测碰撞速度提供了一种简单实用的方法。