汔车运行材料在现代电控汽油轿车上的使用分析

汽车使用的燃料、润滑剂、特种液和橡胶轮胎等统称为汽车运行材料。分析汽车运行材料在现代电控汽油轿车上的使用情况，给出相应的使用原则及注意事项，可为维修人员和驾驶员等提供参考。     

沥青输送管路保温技术与应用

本文论述了沥青输送管路采用保温技术的必要性及采用导热油为热载保温技术的优点对导热 (?)保温筑路结构的关键部位进行了设计。     

模糊控制变增益在曲柄箱油雾浓度检测系统中的应用

由于曲柄箱油雾浓度变化范围很大，在计算机控制系统中，必须根据油雾浓度变化而改变增益，以保证A／D转换精度，本文介绍了采用模糊算法控制增益的方法。     

单向非贯通节理岩体滚刀破岩 特性离散元模拟

相较于贯通节理,岩桥的存在使非贯通节理岩体受力破坏过程更加复杂。为探明其对破岩影响,通过采 用 PFC2D建立单向非贯通节理岩体滚刀破岩离散元模型,研究岩桥长度和倾角对岩体破碎模式、法向力、裂纹数 量及比能耗等参数的影响,揭示非贯通节理岩体滚刀破岩特性。研究发现：岩体以张拉破坏为主,节理对裂 纹扩展的“导向作用”明显,裂纹扩展方向总是趋向于和其距离最近的节理;竖向应力水平随节理倾角增加呈现 先增大后减小的趋势,在 45°倾角下达到最大值,应力区形状受到节理位置影响,两者具有一致性;完整岩体法 向力均值和峰值均大于节理岩体,节理对于破岩过程具有明显的促进作用;0°、60°、90°节理倾角下的比能耗值 明显低于其他节理组合,60°倾角下呈减小趋势,在岩桥长度为 25 mm 时取得最小值;0°、90°倾角下呈先减小后 增大趋势,在岩桥长度为 15 mm 时取得最小值。     

对内燃机车柴油机油油品质量指标的探讨

根据现场使用和检测柴油机油的实际情况,分析柴油机油的质量指标和油品质量,探讨符合实际检测化验柴油机油的质量指标及项目,为切实保证用油质量、降低换油率、延长机油使用寿命提供参考,从而达到节约生产成本的目的。     

基于UDEC仿真的滚刀最优刀间距确定方法

为了得到指定切深下合理的刀间距,提出一种基于UDEC仿真的滚刀最优刀间距确定方法。通过试验机得到岩样力学参数,利用2D离散元仿真软件UDEC,建立了无围压条件下两把滚刀顺次切削节理不发育岩石的数学模型,在此基础上设计了一组数值试验,成功地模拟出了不同切深和刀间距下滚刀破碎岩石的全过程。分析得到指定切深下仿真切削比能耗与刀间距的对应关系,最小比能耗下的刀间距即为最优刀间距。最后,利用回转式盾构刀具切削实验台,采用恒切深方式进行多组实验,记录刀具所受三向力和破碎岩样重量,得到实验最优刀间距。通过实验手段和仿真手段得到的最优刀间距基本一致,工程数据也进一步证实了这一点。因此,基于UDEC仿真的滚刀最优刀间距确定方法是可行的。     

含水原油水力计算

讨论了含水原油为牛顿流体和非牛顿流体情况下管流的水力计算。当含水原油为牛顿流体时，其压降计算按传统方法采用达西公式计算；当含水原油为非牛顿流体时，介绍了幂律流体和宾汉流体的本构方程、流态判别方法、层流和紊流压降计算公式。还介绍了含水原油为牛顿流体时黏度计算的一些经验公式，并提出了一种回归含水原油黏度(牛顿流体)、表观黏度(非牛顿流体)计算公式的新方法，将回归公式的计算结果与实测结果进行了比较。     

Experimental evaluation of Heavy Duty Vehicle speed patterns in urban and port areas and estimation of their fuel consumption and exhaust emissions

Exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of Heavy Duty Vehicles (HDVs) in urban and port areas were evaluated through a dedicated investigation. The HDV fleet composition and traffic driving from highways to the maritime port of Genoa and crossing the city were analysed. Typical urban trips linking highway exits to port gates and HDV mission profiles within the port area were defined. A validation was performed through on-board instrumentation to record HDV instantaneous speeds in urban and port zones. A statistical procedure enabled the building-up of representative speed patterns. High contrasts and specific driving conditions were observed in the port area. Representative speed profiles were then used to simulate fuel consumption and emissions for HDVs, using the Passenger car and Heavy duty Emission Model (PHEM). Complementary estimations were derived from Copert and HBEFA methodologies, allowing the comparison of different calculation approaches and scales. Finally, PHEM was implemented to assess the performances of EGR or SCR systems for NO_X reduction in urban driving and at very low speeds.The method and results of the investigation are presented. Fuel consumption and pollutant emission estimation through different methodologies are discussed, as well as the necessity of characterizing very local driving conditions for appropriate assessment.     

Transport energy consumption in mountainous roads. A comparative case study for internal combustion engines and electric vehicles in Andorra

This paper analyses transport energy consumption of conventional and electric vehicles in mountainous roads. A standard round trip in Andorra has been modelled in order to characterise vehicle dynamics in hilly regions. Two conventional diesel vehicles and their electric-equivalent models have been simulated and their performances have been compared. Six scenarios have been simulated to study the effects of factors such as orography, traffic congestion and driving style. The European fuel consumption and emissions test and Artemis urban driving cycles, representative of European driving cycles, have also been included in the comparative analysis. The results show that road grade has a major impact on fuel economy, although it affects consumption in different levels depending on the technology analysed. Electric vehicles are less affected by this factor as opposed to conventional vehicles, increasing the potential energy savings in a hypothetical electrification of the car fleet. However, electric vehicle range in mountainous terrains is lower compared to that estimated by manufacturers, a fact that could adversely affect a massive adoption of electric cars in the short term.     

Multi-criteria optimization of traffic signals: Mobility,safety, and environment

Two-dimensional multi-objective optimizations have been used for decades for the problems in traffic engineering although only few times so far in the optimization of signal timings. While the other engineering and science disciplines have utilized visualization of 3-dimensional Pareto fronts in the optimization studies, we have not seen many of those concepts applied to traffic signal optimization problems. To bridge the gap in the existing knowledge this study presents a methodology where 3-dimensional Pareto Fronts of signal timings, which are expressed through mobility, (surrogate) safety, and environmental factors, are optimized by use of an evolutionary algorithm. The study uses a segment of 5 signalized intersections in West Valley City, Utah, to test signal timings which provide a balance between mobility, safety and environment. In addition, a set of previous developed signal timing scenarios, including some of the Connected Vehicle technologies such as GLOSA, were conducted to evaluate the quality of the 3-dimensional Pareto front solutions. The results show success of 3-dimensinal Pareto fronts moving towards optimality. The resulting signal timing plans do not show large differences between themselves but all improve on the signal timings from the field, significantly. The commonly used optimization of standard single-objective functions shows robust solutions. The new set of Connected Vehicle technologies also shows promising benefits, especially in the area of reducing inter-vehicular friction. The resulting timing plans from two optimization sets (constrained and unconstrained) show that environmental and safe signal timings coincide but somewhat contradict mobility. Further research is needed to apply similar concepts on a variety of networks and traffic conditions before generalizing findings.