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The emission of particulate matter (PM) and other atmospheric pollutants in port operations and shipping have caused a huge negative impact on the environment. Consequently, how to evaluate the environmental efficiency of ports and put forward corresponding countermeasures on this basis is becoming a more important issue than ever before from the perspectives of the government, academia, and society. We construct three data envelopment analysis (DEA) models to evaluate the environmental efficiency of ports under the circumstances of environmental control, non-environmental control and PM emission through inter-ports cooperation. The innovation of the DEA models constructed in this paper lies in: (1) Setting environmental control parameters to uniformly manipulate the situations of environmental control and non-environmental control, etc.; (2) Allowing non-equal proportional change of input index, expected output and non-expected output index; (3) Setting preference coefficients for ports to admit favorable decisions; (4) Providing a distance formula of expected output for PM emission reallocation. Further, data from 11 major ports in China are collected to compare the expected output under different PM emission standards assuming the situation of environmental control and non-environmental control, port cooperation, and non-cooperative sewage discharge. The empirical results show that: (1) Ports in the eastern China (Shanghai, Ningbo, and Nanjing) have higher port efficiency; (2) Port cooperation can improve the overall expected output but it will lose its edge with the improvement of PM emission standards. (3) Ports follow the same trend of output loss regardless of favorable decisions. In the end, the author makes a summary, puts forward relevant policy suggestions and makes the recommendation for future research. 相似文献
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为了获得典型机动车PM2.5排放特性,文章利用符合PMP规程的MEXA一1000SPCS时不同技术类型的机动车进行了PM2.5数量排放研究,并对PM2.5排放较高的两类车型(GDI和国Ⅳ柴油车)进行了冷热试验对比。试验结果表明:不同技术类型机动车PM2.5排放量级差异明显,国V柴油车〈MPI汽油车〈GDI汽油车〈国Ⅳ柴油车;GDI汽油车PM2.5排放受温度影响要大于受负荷的影响;国Ⅳ柴油车型PM2.5排放受车辆负荷的影响要大于受温度的影响;DPF技术能够有效降低PM2.5排放;无论何种车型,瞬态加速工况都会造成PM2.5排放急剧增高。 相似文献
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分析了舰船辅机承制的特点,描述了在承制项目管理中运用PDM技术的基本方法,提出了项目管理物料清单(PMBOM)概念,并从管理和技术角度论述了必要性和可行性. 相似文献
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