Effect of seaweed proliferation on benthic habitat quality assessed by Sediment Profile Imaging

Changes in sediment quality, with special reference to benthic habitat conditions resulting from macroalgae overgrowth, were studied in the Venice Lagoon, Italy. Data were collected biweekly in spring and summer from 1993 to 1998 and from 2001 to 2002, as part of the macroalgae growth control strategies managed by the Venice Water Authority-Consorzio Venezia Nuova. Benthic habitat conditions were studied by means of Sediment Profile Imaging, which allowed the collection of several variables: aRPD (apparent redox potential discontinuity), prism penetration depth, presence of anoxia on the surface of the sediment, presence of reduced gas bubbles, stage of benthic colonization. All these variables led to the calculation of an environmental index (Organism–Sediment Index, OSI), which was then related to physical variables and macroalgae abundance. Until 1996, the overall benthic habitat of the Venice Lagoon showed almost stressed conditions; from 1997, the seaweed biomass rapidly declined and the OSI increased significantly. The OSI seemed to be affected by seaweed biomass, sediment compactness and water depth. Macroalgae biomass greater than 4.5 kg/m² led to the complete disappearance of stage III of benthic colonization; values as low as 0.70 kg m² already had a severe impact on recolonization. SPI attributes indicated the main mechanisms that could have contributed to the benthic quality: seaweed proliferation is often followed by rapid decay of macroalgae biomass, especially when present in large amounts. The decrease in seaweed biomass often results in oxygen depletion in the water column and thus in the sediment, preventing complete benthic colonization. This research confirms the importance of in situ rapid reconnaissance surveys to assess the impact of eutrophication on the benthic habitat.     

Distribution of suspended sediment in the coastal sea off the Ganges–Brahmaputra River mouth: observation from TM data

Remote sensing technique was applied to estimate suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and to understand transportation, distribution and deposition of suspended sediment in the estuary and throughout the coastal sea, off the Ganges–Brahmaputra River mouth. During low river discharge period, zone of turbidity maximum is inferred in the estuary near the shore. SSC map shows that maximum SSC reaches 1050 mg/l in this period. Magnitude of SSC is mainly owing to resuspension of the bottom surface sediments induced by tidal currents flowing over shallow water depths. The influence of depth on resuspension is farther revealed from the distribution and magnitude of SSC along the head of Swatch of No Ground (SNG) submarine canyon. During high river discharge period, huge river outflow pushed the salt wedge and flashes away the suspended sediments in the coastal sea off the river mouth. Zone of turbidity maximum is inferred in the coastal water approximately within 5–10 m depth of water, where the maximum SSC reaches 1700 mg/l. In this period, huge fluvial input of the suspended sediments including the resuspended bottom sediments and the particles remaining in suspension for longer period of time since their initial entry control mainly the magnitude of SSC. In the estuary near the shore, seasonal variation in the magnitude of SSC is not evident. In the coastal sea (>5 m water depth), seasonal influence in the magnitude of SSC could be concluded from the discrepancy between SSC values of two different seasons. Transportation and deposition of suspended sediments also experiences seasonal variations. At present, suspended sediments are being accumulated on the shallow shelf (between 5 and 10 m water depth) in low discharge period and on the mid-shelf (between 10 and 75 m water depth) during high discharge period. An empirical (exponential) relationship was found between gradual settle down of suspended sediments in the coastal sea and its lateral distance from the turbidity maximum.     

广州三条城际铁路线的客流特征分析

城际铁路是珠三角城市群内部互联互通的重要通道,实现了广州与周边城市的快速联系。通过对比研究了广深、广珠和广佛肇等3条城际铁路线的客运总量、空间分布、时间分布及客流成长等特征,为国内其他城市群发展城际铁路提供借鉴。     

论轨道交通对珠三角区域经济一体化的促进作用

珠三角区域城市群的崛起扩大了区域内交通需求规模,改变了交通需求结构,需要尽快形成以轨道交通网为骨干的区域快速公交走廊。阐述了轨道交通的建设与发展对区域经济一体化发展具有的经济诱发、开发先导、区位再造和资源创造等四大功能。提出了加强规划协调、创新发展理念、优化体制机制和给予政策支持等四方面的措施建议,以充分发挥轨道交通对珠三角区域经济一体化的促进作用。     

港珠澳大桥建设对珠三角地区物流业的影响

港珠澳大桥将改变珠江口东西两岸之间的空间运输联系方式,从而改变整个珠三角地区的物流格局.从珠三角地区城市空间布局结构、产业特点出发,总结珠三角地区物流业特点,对港珠澳大桥影响珠三角物流格局的途径进行介绍；并逐一分析港珠澳大桥建成后对香港、深圳、珠海等珠三角主要城市物流业的不同影响.     

珠三角科技型小微企业协同创新网络的构建

珠三角地区作为我国重要的城市群之一,拥有众多的小微企业,这些企业的发展模式受到大家重视和关注。文中首先分析了珠三角科技型小微企业协同创新存在的问题,提出协同创新网络的构建是解决当前一些问题的有效措施;其次,在协同创新网络的构建中,分析了构建的主体要素、构建的模式、构建的过程和具体的构建框架;最后分析了构建后的协同创新网络的特征。     

长江三角洲城际轨道交通的发展

长江三角洲地区经济发达,人员流动频繁,尽管其交通网络比较发达,但仍然与经济的快速增长不适应。因此,迫切需要加快建设以开行高密度公交化旅客列车为特征的新型城际轨道交通,从而建立现代化的综合交通体系,发挥区位优势,建立资源节约型、环境友好型社会。要坚持与区域总体规划密切配合、合理选择线网等原则,遵循长江三角洲城际轨道交通线网规划的发展目标,加快建设步伐,构建长江三角洲地区综合交通运输体系。     

珠三角实行区域年票制面临的主要难题及解决方案

鉴于珠三角区域公路收费年票制存在诸多问题和困难,针对年票制债务、收费标准、站点设置、高速公路代收路费及经营性公路回购等问题,对珠三角实行区域年票制的影响逐一分析,并提出了解决问题的方案.     

利用列车比例模型风洞试验研究基础设施对列车气动力的影响

为了明确铁路轨道沿线横风所造成的危险,就必须探讨基础设施对列车气动载荷的影响.本文介绍了在标准的TSI基础设施(有碴轨道和无碴轨道以及6 m高路堤)和标准的意大利高架桥路面上,通过风洞试验所测试的ETR 500列车的气动力系数.每一种基础设施的特性都分为有列车和无列车2种状况进行研究.通过对比不同情况下的试验结果,指出...     

江苏射阳港3.5万吨级进港航道回淤特征研究

基于实测水文和地形资料对射阳港3.5万吨级进港航道开挖以后的回淤特征及回淤机理进行研究。结果表明:射阳港所在海域受废黄河三角洲冲刷泥沙输移的影响,含沙量较高,为航道回淤提供了丰富的泥沙来源;进港航道年回淤量为995万m³,其中导堤掩护段占全航道回淤量的93%,该段平均回淤强度可达5.0 m/a,高于开敞海域段的0.6 m/a。导堤掩护段航道回淤主要是由于涨潮期带入的高含沙水流在憩流时刻形成悬沙落淤所致,航道两侧滩面上的流泥归槽以及洪季期间上游河流的开闸泄洪对航道回淤也有一定贡献。