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1.
In many cities, diesel buses are being replaced by electric buses with the aim of reducing local emissions and thus improving air quality. The protection of the environment and the health of the population is the highest priority of our society. For the transport companies that operate these buses, not only ecological issues but also economic issues are of great importance. Due to the high purchase costs of electric buses compared to conventional buses, operators are forced to use electric vehicles in a targeted manner in order to ensure amortization over the service life of the vehicles. A compromise between ecology and economy must be found in order to both protect the environment and ensure economical operation of the buses.In this study, we present a new methodology for optimizing the vehicles’ charging time as a function of the parameters CO2eq emissions and electricity costs. Based on recorded driving profiles in daily bus operation, the energy demands of conventional and electric buses are calculated for the passenger transportation in the city of Aachen in 2017. Different charging scenarios are defined to analyze the influence of the temporal variability of CO2eq intensity and electricity price on the environmental impact and economy of the bus. For every individual day of a year, charging periods with the lowest and highest costs and emissions are identified and recommendations for daily bus operation are made. To enable both the ecological and economical operation of the bus, the parameters of electricity price and CO2 are weighted differently, and several charging periods are proposed, taking into account the priorities previously set. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the influence of selected parameters and to derive recommendations for improving the ecological and economic balance of the battery-powered electric vehicle.In all scenarios, the optimization of the charging period results in energy cost savings of a maximum of 13.6% compared to charging at a fixed electricity price. The savings potential of CO2eq emissions is similar, at 14.9%. From an economic point of view, charging between 2 a.m. and 4 a.m. results in the lowest energy costs on average. The CO2eq intensity is also low in this period, but midday charging leads to the largest savings in CO2eq emissions. From a life cycle perspective, the electric bus is not economically competitive with the conventional bus. However, from an ecological point of view, the electric bus saves on average 37.5% CO2eq emissions over its service life compared to the diesel bus. The reduction potential is maximized if the electric vehicle exclusively consumes electricity from solar and wind power. 相似文献
2.
由于曲柄箱油雾浓度变化范围很大,在计算机控制系统中,必须根据油雾浓度变化而改变增益,以保证A/D转换精度,本文介绍了采用模糊算法控制增益的方法。 相似文献
3.
Introduction The project of Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant,located in Pashan, at the south foot of HouyuntaiMount, northeast of Lianyungang City, JiangsuProvince, is entitled State Key Project in collabo-ration with Russia. This project is carried out atthree phases, with two reactors to be built at eachphase. Important constructions such as the nuclearislets and the normal islets are all situated at thebedrock zone. With regard to the field study of thenuclear power plant, the authors have… 相似文献
4.
简要分析了铁通城域网现状,提出城域网动力环监系统的建设原则,并针对采集、传输与组网技术以及后期的运用问题进行了分析与思考。 相似文献
5.
自由结构动力优化设计中的特征灵敏度分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在结构动力优化设计中,特征灵敏度分析是一个十分重要的环节。如何在保证精度的前提下减少分析工作量具有重要意义。本文运用幂级数展开法,给出了诸如潜艇,鱼雷等自由结构特征灵敏度分析方法。 相似文献
6.
面对城市轨道交通信号系统电源在整个轨道交通中的重要性,电源设计方案首先保证合理、电源故障时应对办法得力,才能保证电源质量稳定可靠,行车安全高效。阐述了信号电源设计原则,遵循的规范和标准,列举了目前城市轨道交通信号电源的设计方案,提出了优化设计方案,另外从电源的故障情况出发,从运营保障的角度提出了电源故障的保障措施和应对办法。 相似文献
7.
魏文海 《铁道标准设计通讯》2018,(2):17-23
为系统分析出铁路专用线选线时各种控制要素,尝试探寻铁路专用线选线的独特规律,通过对铁路专用线选线功能及作用的分析,系统阐述铁路专用线选线时"路内"、"路外"各种控制要素和关键优缺点,同时理论与实践相结合,以华能铜川电厂铁路专用线工程为实例,对铁路专用线选线时涉及的运输通道、技术标准、接轨方案等进行多角度比选分析,使推荐的线路方案满足各方需求,工程合理可行。铁路专用线选线与国铁干线选线相比,既有着相同的特点也有着独特的考虑因素,为铁路专用线选线提供系统、全面、科学的控制因素及比选方法。 相似文献
8.
介绍各国主要单相交流牵引供电制式,总结各国为了解决制约单相交流牵引供电系统发展的电分相问题所采取的多种过分相方式,为了解决电能质量问题所采取的各有侧重点的治理措施,对比国内外同相供电技术并指出国外技术中值得我国借鉴之处,最后基于已有关键技术并结合储能和新能源等背景描绘了"绿色"牵引供电系统,为单相交流牵引供电系统的发展提供新思路。 相似文献
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10.
青藏±500 kV直流联网工程沿线多年冻土工程地质情况复杂,不良地质现象发育。在探明多年冻土地质情况的同时,选择合适的电力塔基类型,关系到整个工程的安全稳定,在充分了解冻土区地质条件的前提下,针对工程沿线不同的地质情况,选用不同的电力塔基础和相应的辅助工程措施,并有针对性地提出病害防治对策,对同类工程有一定的参考意义。 相似文献