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Dynamic traffic routing refers to the process of (re)directing vehicles at junctions in a traffic network according to the evolving traffic conditions. The traffic management center can determine desired routes for drivers in order to optimize the performance of the traffic network by dynamic traffic routing. However, a traffic network may have thousands of links and nodes, resulting in a large-scale and computationally complex non-linear, non-convex optimization problem. To solve this problem, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is chosen as the optimization method in this paper because of its powerful optimization heuristic for combinatorial optimization problems. ACO is implemented online to determine the control signal – i.e., the splitting rates at each node. However, using standard ACO for traffic routing is characterized by four main disadvantages: 1. traffic flows for different origins and destinations cannot be distinguished; 2. all ants may converge to one route, causing congestion; 3. constraints cannot be taken into account; and 4. neither can dynamic link costs. These problems are addressed by adopting a novel ACO algorithm with stench pheromone and with colored ants, called Ant Colony Routing (ACR). Using the stench pheromone, the ACR algorithm can distribute the vehicles over the traffic network with less or no traffic congestion, as well as reduce the number of vehicles near some sensitive zones, such as hospitals and schools. With colored ants, the traffic flows for multiple origins and destinations can be represented. The proposed approach is also implemented in a simulation-based case study in the Walcheren area, the Netherlands, illustrating the effectiveness of the approach. 相似文献
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大运量交通车辆的维修 ,对于确保其社会服务的质量是非常重要的。本文介绍一种名为 ISPMAT(适用于城铁列车的预知维修智能系统 )的软件工具 ,它能对城铁列车的两个主要组成部分、即压缩机和牵引行车机构中可能发生的各种故障自动进行检测和作出诊断。 ISPMAT是以人工智能技术即神经网络和专家系统为基础的。本文的内容包括对 ISPMAT结构的阐述 ,以及通过实验所取得的某些结果。 相似文献
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建立了声纳拖曳装置主动伺服控制的数学模型,分析了造成系统跟踪误差的原因。将复合控制、预测控制和特殊数字积分器等技术应用于有海况可变的数字式控制仪的设计,取得了很好的控制效果。 相似文献
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针对双轴并联式液压混合动力车辆(PHHV),以蓄能器荷电状态(SOC)和发动机瞬时燃油质量流量m8f为输入量,发动机需求功率比例φ为输出量,以油耗最小为目标函数设计了模型预测控制器(MPC)进行PHHV的能量管理。基于MATLAB/Simulink平台搭建了包括需求功率计算、发动机、蓄能器和泵/马达等主要部件的PHHV车辆模型并进行MPC能量管理。研究结果表明,在美国道路城市循环工况(UDDS)下,MPC管理下的PHHV能充分发挥混合动力的特点,合理调节分配发动机和液压单元的需求功率,降低行驶过程的总油耗。 相似文献
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状态修是国内外推行的一种先进的检修制度。通过研究状态修的特点和空压机站设备的运用状况,提出空压机站设备的在线监测方法、故障诊断方案,从而实现预知性维修。 相似文献
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ATO系统具有时滞性、非线性、时变性等特点,使用传统的PID控制器难以取得理想的控制效果。根据ATO系统的特点,设计了基于广义预测控制隐式算法的速度控制器,并对被控对象进行了仿真。Matlab仿真和实验结果证明,该控制策略比PID控制具有更好的控制效果。 相似文献