Maritime security guidelines: a study of Swedish ports’ perceived barriers to compliance

ABSTRACT

Due to the constant risk of piracy and terrorist attacks which cause disturbances within international shipping of goods, barriers to the adoption of maritime security guidelines (MSGs) at European ports have become prevalent. In this paper, a conceptual framework was created to explore the perceived barriers that prevent compliance with MSGs. To verify the conceptual framework, empirical data were collected using a mixed-methods approach, which was comprised of interviews with national experts and a survey of 47% of Swedish ports involved in the shipping of goods. According to the presented framework, the perceived barriers of Swedish ports to compliance with MSGs were linked to collaborations within the Swedish Maritime Security stakeholder network, available resources and educational knowledge about security culture. In addition, the perceived barriers of smaller ports were linked to the adaptation to MSGs at different levels and the absence of specific tools of maritime security management. Due to an increased interest in international shipping of goods, this paper is currently one of few that addresses the barriers to compliance with MSGs. Moreover, the paper presents a general conceptual framework, novel managerial implications and recommendations for future research.     

高速铁路动态定价与票额分配协同优化研究

目前我国高速铁路票价制定还比较缺乏灵活的市场化机制,严重影响铁路运输企业收益和服务水平的提高。基于高速铁路旅客出行规律和收益管理策略,研究高速铁路动态定价与票额分配协同优化方法。在分析旅客出行价格需求弹性的基础上,构建基于Logit模型的客流弹性函数,考虑临近发车客票不涨价和运输能力等约束,建立以期望客票总收入最大化为目标的优化模型,设计一种基于超分方程的分步算法,求解不同时段下不同列车的最优票价与票额分配方案。以京沪高速铁路为例进行计算和分析,与固定费率票价相比,动态票价策略能保证服务水平,系统总客流需求下降0.73%,企业客票总收益提高4.95%。     

基于故障树的动车组常用制动失效风险分析及对策

分析CRH3型动车组制动系统的工作原理、结构、功能及工作流程,根据其关键功能,包括空电复合制动、网络和硬线冗余指令传递、直通式电空制动方式、电气指令和空气指令传输方式等的特点,对常用制动系统结构和功能进行分解,建立常用制动失效故障树,分析基本事件的结构重要度,得出牵引执行系统电机故障、牵引控制单元故障、网压过高是导致常用制动失效发生的最重要因素,提出针对各类基本原因事件的风险控制措施.     

铁路隧道工程可行性研究阶段风险评估研究

风险评估对于铁路隧道工程的建设和项目选线具有重要意义。针对铁路隧道工程风险评估在可行性阶段对应的风险类别与风险因素,建立基于AHP法的多因素模糊综合评价体系以及相应的隧道风险等级定量评判标准。模型根据专家对各风险类别和风险因素相对发生概率的定性评判,通过AHP法计算得到各风险类别和风险因素在整个风险评估体系中发生的相对概率,并将风险事件发生后果等级赋予相应的风险分值。最终结合得到的概率与风险分值通过模糊综合评价得到隧道综合风险评估分值和其对应的风险等级,从而对铁路隧道工程风险进行综合、定量、直观的评估。将A隧道运用该体系进行分析评价,得到其在可行性研究阶段的综合风险评估值为4. 774,风险等级为中度。     

南宁地铁2号线岩溶风险分析和处理原则

岩溶地区城市地铁修建过程中,岩溶地质灾害问题严重威胁着地铁施工和后期运营的安全,由于受到地质条件和人类工程活动等多因素影响,需要综合分析各影响因素的作用,进而制定岩溶处理原则。以南宁地铁2号线石子塘车站和石子塘站—大沙田站区间为例,分析岩溶洞穴几何特征以及空间分布规律,针对不同岩溶塌陷风险等级的影响范围和危险程度,确定相应岩溶处理原则。石子塘车站岩溶塌陷可以划分为高风险区、中等风险区、低风险区,其岩溶处理范围分别为隧道轮廓线两侧围护结构处基岩界面以下15、10、6 m,处理措施分别为采用注浆帷幕以及钻孔灌注桩+内支撑体系的围护结构,注浆帷幕以及围护孔和中立柱桩加固,注浆以及围护孔和临时立柱桩。基于不同岩溶塌陷风险等级的岩溶处理原则考虑岩溶场地的复杂性,具有较大实际工程意义,对今后岩溶地区城市隧道的施工有一定参考价值和借鉴意义。     

技术站广义配流问题模型与算法

根据列车解编顺序是否确定,将阶段计划中的广义配流问题分为广义静态配流问题和广义动态配流问题。以阶段内发出配流车数最多和车辆在站平均停留时间最短为目标函数,以列车解体开始时刻、车流分配、车流接续和列车编组开始时刻为约束条件,建立广义动态配流问题的多目标非线性混合整数规划模型。综合考虑优先排空、优先发送较近编组去向车流,模拟车站调度员编制阶段计划时的思维过程,设计搜索算法,解决广义静态配流问题(给定列车解编顺序的广义动态配流问题)。以有7个编组去向的某技术站为例,运用该算法可以在较短时间内得到列车解编方案和配流方案,表明了该算法的实用性和可行性。     

铁路车务系统既有线施工安全风险管理探讨

针对铁路既有线改造施工、日常养护对运输效率和运输能力的影响,分析既有线施工对车务系统安全风险管理的要求,探讨施工现场车务系统的安全卡控措施,即强化车务系统管理人员的安全责任制和施工安全风险关键点的卡控措施,探索既有线施工安全风险管理的新方法、新途径,逐步形成安全风险管理的长效机制。     

土石方调配问题双层规划模型及算法研究

研究目的:针对铁路土石方工程中较少考虑对生态环境影响的现状,研究如何构建合理的土石方调配问题模型,实现铁路土石方工程与生态环境的有效协调,减少对生态环境的影响的同时,从而实现土石方工程系统最优的目标。研究结论:根据土石方工程具体特点,系统地描述土石方调配问题,在此基础上兼顾政府监管部门与施工企业双方不同的利益目标,建立土石方调配问题双层规划模型。在双层规划模型中,上层模型为土石方工程系统最优模型,下层模型为土石方调配费用最低模型。计算结果表明:土石方调配问题双层规划模型在减少对保护生态环境影响同时,降低工程建设成本。     

Storage space allocation in container terminals

Container terminals are essential intermodal interfaces in the global transportation network. Efficient container handling at terminals is important in reducing transportation costs and keeping shipping schedules. In this paper, we study the storage space allocation problem in the storage yards of terminals. This problem is related to all the resources in terminal operations, including quay cranes, yard cranes, storage space, and internal trucks. We solve the problem using a rolling-horizon approach. For each planning horizon, the problem is decomposed into two levels and each level is formulated as a mathematical programming model. At the first level, the total number of containers to be placed in each storage block in each time period of the planning horizon is set to balance two types of workloads among blocks. The second level determines the number of containers associated with each vessel that constitutes the total number of containers in each block in each period, in order to minimize the total distance to transport the containers between their storage blocks and the vessel berthing locations. Numerical runs show that with short computation time the method significantly reduces the workload imbalance in the yard, avoiding possible bottlenecks in terminal operations.     

山区公路地质灾害评价模型探讨

目前对公路沿线地质灾害的评价方法以定性评价为主,尚未形成一套行之有效的定量或半定量评价体系和方法。文章根据公路工程的特点以及现有的地质灾害评估理论和实践,并结合公路地质灾害野外调查情况,提出了公路地质灾害发育程度、危害性、发展趋势及危险性评价方法,可供有关部门参考。