中国海与西北太平洋波浪长期统计的导算方法

为了满足船舶与海洋工程对波侯数据的需要，本文回顾了以往出版的几种图集资料并分析了其不足之处，着重介绍了当前国际上较新的英国波峰综合模式（NMIMET）和美国海军风浪后报模式（SOWM）及两者的结果图集。为获得中国海与西北太平洋海域更可靠的数据，在对日本气象厅的器测浮标站长期资料的统计结果与相应的船舶报资料按各种方法处理的结果比较基础上，进一步改进了NMIMET模式。这主要是在波高与周期联合概率分布导算方法上，采用一种新的更灵活的联合分布模式以代替原来所用的由Ochi建议的二维对数正态模式；同时对于在模式中需要确定的有关周期的参数，根据新的资料和计算结果对原用的回归公式作出了改进。用改进后的模式导算得到的波高、周期分布与器测浮标站结果更为接近。     

耶鲁藏中国古航海图的绘制特点

耶鲁大学所藏中国古航海图的主体内容是山屿岛礁图,主要描绘山峰、岛屿的侧面形状.这是航海图一种比较原始的表示方式,其起源很早,在宋代的文献中已有记载.这种表示方法对后来的航海图有较大的影响,近代航海图上的对景图就是从山屿岛礁图演变而来.此外,耶鲁图中有4幅表示了南海诸岛的地图,他们的表示方法有与其它图幅不同的特点.     

Formation of Denmark Strait overflow water and its hydro-chemical composition

The dense overflow across the Denmark Strait is investigated with hydrographic and hydro-chemical data and the water mass composition of the Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW) is determined by multivariate analysis. Hydrographical properties, the transient tracers CFC-11 and CFC-12, oxygen and nutrients are utilized for the water mass definitions. Distribution and characteristics of water masses north of Denmark Strait are described, the important water masses at the sill and the variability on weekly time-scales are discussed, and the entrainment and mixing of water into the overflow plume in the northern Irminger Basin is calculated. The analysis indicates that water masses both from the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean are important for the formation of DSOW. It is found that water masses transported with the East Greenland Current make up about 75% of the overflow at the sill. The overflow at, and shortly south of, the sill is inhomogeneous with a low-salinity component dominated by Polar Intermediate Water. The high-salinity component of the overflow is mainly of Arctic origin. The water mass composition, and the short-term variability for 7 repeats of sections close to the sill are described, and these illustrate that the overflow is in fact a composite of a number of water masses with different formation and transport histories. This indicate that the overflow is a robust feature, but that it responds to variations in the circulation or atmospheric forcing that influences the formation of intermediate and deep water masses within the Arctic Mediterranean and the North Atlantic. At a section about 400 km south of the sill the overflow is well mixed and modified by entrainment of, mainly, Iceland–Scotland Overflow Water and Labrador Sea Water, together constituting 30% of the overflow plume. The entrainment of Middle Irminger Water dominates shortly downstream of the sill, before the overflow plume reaches too deep but the entrainment seems to be intermittent in time.