Life cycle assessment of heated apron pavement system operations

Heated pavement systems (HPS) offer an attractive alternative to the cumbersome process of removing ice and snow from airport pavements using traditional snow removal systems. Although snow and ice removing efficiency and economic benefits of HPS have been assessed by previous studies, their environmental impact is not well known. Airport facilities offering public or private services need to evaluate the energy consumption and global warming potential of different types of snow and ice removal systems. Energy usage and emissions from the operations of hydronic heated pavement system using geothermal energy (HHPS-G), hydronic HPS using natural gas furnace (HHPS-NG), electrically heated pavement system (EHPS), and traditional snow and ice removal system (TSRS) are estimated and compared in this study using a hybrid life cycle assessment (LCA). Based on the system models assessed in this study, HPS application in the apron area seems to be a viable option from an energy or environmental perspective to achieve ice/snow free pavement surfaces without using mechanical or chemical methods. TSRS methods typically require more energy and they produce more greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared to HPS during the operation phase, under the conditions and assumptions considered in this study. Also, HPS operations require less energy and have less GHG emissions during a snow event with a smaller snowfall rate and a larger snow duration.     

3Cr13道岔融雪弹性卡断裂分析及对策

3Cr13电加热道岔融雪弹性卡在使用中发生断裂,分析断裂弹性卡化学成分,对其断口进行宏观和微观观察,结果表明断裂的原因为腐蚀性介质环境和交变应力共同作用下形成的多源疲劳和应力腐蚀。提出优化弹性卡结构、使用偏碱性防腐涂料对3Cr13弹性卡进行表面处理的应对措施。     

红外线轴温探测设备在青藏铁路的应用

针对青藏高原特殊的自然环境和气候特点,对红外线轴温探测系统进行高原应用研究,进行设备稳定性、安装方式、防雷措施、探头角度和抗风雪性能等方面的改进。主机元器件采用军极产品,增加保温机柜,机柜内增设新型温控箱,对主机系统进行自动温度控制,确保其在高原环境下正常工作。线缆连接采用插接方式,方便安装。对探测方式进行的研究表明,平探探测方式虽能很好解决大雪覆盖问题,但不适应冻土路基环境;通过对下探方式探头箱加装吹雪装置,对下侧探方式探头箱加防雪罩和箱体上表面局部加热,从而解决粘雪使探测口变小或堵住的问题。设备防雷和接地电阻采用串联方式,室内主机采用电源电涌保护箱防雷设备。为保证车辆安全运行和减轻恶劣环境对维护人员造成的危险,提出加密探测点和在5 000 m以上高海拔地区及重要地点采用双机采时在线备份方案。     

铁路路堑挡雪墙设计参数优化数值模拟

风吹雪往往在铁路路堑地段形成较厚的积雪,掩埋线路,影响行车速度,危及行车安全,研究其具有重要的现实意义。基于FLUENT软件,模拟研究不同挡雪墙高度、不同风速下,挡雪墙背风侧风雪两相流的运动特性及挡雪墙参数优化设计。研究表明,风雪流初始速度一定时,挡雪墙背风侧积雪宽度随挡雪墙高度增大而变大,沉积在床面上的雪粒更多,阻雪效果越好;挡雪墙高度一定时,背风侧积雪宽度随风雪流速度的增加逐渐增大,挡雪墙距线路的距离也应越大。在综合考虑工程造价和挡雪效果的基础上,挡雪墙设计时,高度宜在2.5~3.5m,高度越高,风速越大,挡雪墙距线路的距离应越大,一般在20~35m即可。     

冰雪、大雾天气下交通安全保障设施应用研究

文章分析了冰雪、大雾天气的特点及其对道路行车安全的影响,探讨了冰雪、大雾天气下的交通安全保障措施,并对各种交通安全保障设施的设置进行了优化研究,为不良气候条件下的道路交通安全设计、评价提供技术依据。     

CL3.6型犁式除雪装置的开发研制

ＣＬ３．６型犁式除雪装置是以各类型装载机为依托开发研制的，在吉林省高速公路除雪作业中表现出了较好的除雪性能。其结构简单、功能齐全、经济实用、适合国情，易于大面积推广应用。     

Monitoring wildlife crossing structures along highways in Changbai Mountain,China

In China, the construction and monitoring of wildlife crossing structures is uncommon. Mountainous area occupies two-thirds area of China. A lot of tunnels (similar to overpasses in developed countries), bridges, and culverts (similar to underpasses) are constructed along highways. In general, these structures are multifunctional, including wildlife migration. However, studies on monitoring these potential crossing structures are almost vacant. Taking two highways in Changbai Mountain area as case studies, infra-red camera trapping and snow tracking were used to investigate the efficiency of tunnels, bridges and culverts on the highways. A total of 13 medium and large-sized wildlife species crossed highway through tunnels, bridges and culverts. One third of species were Chinese national protective species, and almost all species were present within 500 m from Ring Changbai Mountain Scenic highway used bridges and culverts to cross this highway. The tunnel along the expressway (length = 1000 m) and the bridges along the highway (width > 8 m) have been important passages for ungulates, Eurasian red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris), yellow throated martens (Martes flavigula) and sables (Martes zibellina). Different species preferred to different types of structures, although most species preferred to bridges and tunnels. We suggest that short fences should be set around the bridges and culverts to guide animals to cross the passages, especially for ungulates. Monitoring programs of uses of crossing structures by wildlife should be conducted for at least 2 months to catch most species activity.     

浅谈公路融雪剂技术

在剖析融雪剂融雪化冰原理基础上,结合融雪剂应用中的问题,提出了融雪剂施用中的建议,为科学选用融雪剂提供参考。     

道路的防雪与除雪

论述了雪的基本属性以及积雪地带公路与城市道路的防雪和除雪措施与途径。并提出了中国在此领域的研究方向。     

高速公路监控系统在冬季除雪、夏季防汛中的应用

高速公路的交通安全与天气状况有着密切的联系,做好冬季的除雪和夏季的防汛,不仅可以减少交通事故,也可以降低养护成本.从工作中的实际情况出发,阐述高速公路监控系统在冬季除雪、夏季防汛中的应用.