Mike21软件桩群概化方法在高桩码头中的应用

码头前沿水域的横流过大容易导致船舶撞击码头或系船缆绳断裂,进而引发安全事故,因此研究码头前沿水域的流场状况对码头轴线合理选取和船舶的安全靠泊有着非常重要的意义。基于桩群概化方法,采用Mike21软件中的三角形网格水动力模块(FM模块)对曹妃甸矿石一期、矿石三期高桩码头附近的流场进行了数值模拟,并与现场实测流速、流向进行对比验证,确定了模型中的桩群影响参数。在此基础上,深入研究相邻高桩码头桩群阻力对周边海域的影响,并对码头前横流进行计算和分析。此方法实施简单、计算效率高,对大范围海域影响研究结果合理,对高桩码头前沿水域有关流速、流向的计算结果更加准确,对码头轴线合理选取和船舶安全靠泊有重要的参考意义。     

The structure of dissipation in the western Irish Sea front

We report on an intensive campaign in the summer of 2006 to observe turbulent energy dissipation in the vicinity of a tidal mixing front which separates well mixed and seasonally stratified regimes in the western Irish Sea. The rate of turbulent dissipation ε was observed on a section across the front by a combination of vertical profiles with the FLY dissipation profiler and horizontal profiles by shear sensors mounted on an AUV (Autosub). Mean flow conditions and stratification were obtained from a bed mounted ADCP and a vertical chain of thermistors on a mooring. During an Autosub mission of 60 h, the vehicle, moving at a speed of ~ 1.2 m s^− 1, completed 10 useable frontal crossings between end points which were allowed to move with the mean flow. The results were combined with parallel measurements of the vertical profile of ε which were made using FLY for periods of up to 13 h at positions along the Autosub track. The two data sets, which show a satisfactory degree of consistency, were combined to elucidate the space–time variation of dissipation in the frontal zone. Using harmonic analysis, the spatial structure of dissipation was separated from the strong time dependent signal at the M₄ tidal frequency to yield a picture of the cross-frontal distribution of energy dissipation. A complementary picture of the frontal velocity field was obtained from a moored ADCP and estimates of the mean velocity derived from the thermal wind using the observed density distribution. which indicated the presence of a strong (0.2 m s^− 1) jet-like flow in the high gradient region of the front. Under neap tidal conditions, mean dissipation varied across the section by 3 orders of magnitude exceeding 10^− 2 W m^− 3 near the seabed in the mixed regime and decreasing to 10^− 5 W m^− 3. in the strongly stratified interior regime. The spatial pattern of dissipation is consistent in general form with the predictions of models of tidal mixing and does not reflect any strong influence by the frontal jet.     

A dense water outflow from the Ross Sea, Antarctica: Mixing and the contribution of tides

We use hydrographic, current, and microstructure measurements, and tide-forced ocean models, to estimate benthic and interfacial mixing impacting the evolution of a bottom-trapped outflow of dense shelf water from the Drygalski Trough in the northwestern Ross Sea. During summer 2003 an energetic outflow was observed from the outer shelf ( 500 m isobath) to the  1600 m isobath on the continental slope. Outflow thickness was as great as  200 m, and mean speeds were  0.6 m s^− 1 relative to background currents exceeding  1 m s^− 1 that were primarily tidal in origin. No outflow was detected on the slope in winter 2004, although a thin layer of dense shelf water was present on the outer shelf. When the outflow was well-developed, the estimated benthic stress was of order one Pascal and the bulk Froude number over the upper slope exceeded one. Diapycnal scalar diffusivity (K_z) values in the transition region at the top of the outflow, estimated from Thorpe-scale analysis of potential density and measurements of microscale temperature gradient from sensors attached to the CTD rosette, were of order 10^− 3−10^− 2 m² s^− 1. For two cases where the upper outflow boundary was particularly sharply defined, entrainment rate w_e was estimated from K_z and bulk outflow parameters to be  10^− 3 m s^− 1 ( 100 m day^− 1). A tide-forced, three-dimensional primitive equation ocean model with Mellor-Yamada level 2.5 turbulence closure scheme for diapycnal mixing yields results consistent with a significant tidal role in mixing associated with benthic stress and shear within the stratified ocean interior.     

Circulation on the Armorican shelf (Bay of Biscay) in autumn

Three drifters drogued at 65 m were launched on a transect on the Armorican shelf of the Bay of Biscay for 4 years. The experiments were conducted in autumn. They revealed a north-westward, poleward current over the 100 m isobath and a very weak eastward current over depths comprised between 120 and 150 m. A model was used to assess the role of residual tidal currents and wind-induced circulation. The results show that the former are quite weak and the latter do not explain the average velocity of over 10 cm s^− 1. It is thought that this current is mainly driven by the density gradient induced by the breakdown of stratification. Hydrological data and satellite images from the period are discussed, in the light of this hypothesis.     

宁波舟山近海三维潮汐潮流数值模拟

利用FVCOM模型对宁波舟山近海的潮汐潮流进行了三维数值模拟,并对其水动力特性作了相应分析.FVCOM模型采用非结构化三角形网格,很好地解决了精确拟合宁波舟山群岛的复杂岸线的问题.基于计算区域内的海床性质,采用Koutitas公式对FVCOM模型的中海底摩阻系数的计算进行了改进.通过计算域内多个潮位站和海流站的实测资料...     

应对潮汐客流的城市轨道交通列车节能和乘客节时运行图优化模型

为应对城市轨道交通客流潮汐现象中因客流断面与客流方向不均衡而引起的列车牵引能耗高和乘客等待时间长的问题,提出一种考虑大小交路和列车放空运行的列车节能和乘客节时运行图优化模型.先通过优化上、下行方向大小交路站站停载客列车和非站站停放空列车开行序列,设计满足实际运营环境的6项约束条件,实现列车总牵引能耗和乘客总等待时间的双...     

基于大功率有源滤波器的同相AT牵引供电系统

电气化铁道牵引负荷的非线性和不平衡性,导致牵引负荷功率因数低,注入电力系统的谐波、负序电流和无功功率较大,通信防护效果差,进行综合补偿容量大。介绍了大功率有源滤波器的结构,给出综合补偿电流检测和正弦脉宽调制方法。提出了在自耦变压器（AT）供电方式的基础上。以大功率有源滤波器为中心,结合三相变四相变压器和数字控制模块构成同相AT牵引供电系统,不仅能解决以上问题,而且可以取消“分相绝缘器”和节省自耦变压器。大功率有源滤波器由并联PWM变流器组成,具有拓扑结构简单,易控制、提供容量大、工作可靠等优点。仿真分析表明,该系统具有良好的可行性。     

Variability of the western Galician upwelling system (NW Spain) during an intensively sampled annual cycle. An EOF analysis approach

The key features of the western Galician shelf hydrography and dynamics are analyzed on a solid statistical and experimental basis. The results allowed us to gather together information dispersed in previous oceanographic works of the region. Empirical orthogonal functions analysis and a canonical correlation analysis were applied to a high-resolution dataset collected from 47 surveys done on a weekly frequency from May 2001 to May 2002. The main results of these analyses are summarized bellow. Salinity, temperature and the meridional component of the residual current are correlated with the relevant local forcings (the meridional coastal wind component and the continental run-off) and with a remote forcing (the meridional temperature gradient at latitude 37°N). About 80% of the salinity and temperature total variability over the shelf, and 37% of the residual meridional current total variability are explained by two EOFs for each variable. Up to 22% of the temperature total variability and 14% of the residual meridional current total variability is devoted to the set up of cross-shore gradients of the thermohaline properties caused by the wind-induced Ekman transport. Up to 11% and 10%, respectively, is related to the variability of the meridional temperature gradient at the Western Iberian Winter Front. About 30% of the temperature total variability can be explained by the development and erosion of the seasonal thermocline and by the seasonal variability of the thermohaline properties of the central waters. This thermocline presented unexpected low salinity values due to the trapping during spring and summer of the high continental inputs from the River Miño recorded in 2001. The low salinity plumes can be traced on the Galician shelf during almost all the annual cycle; they tend to be extended throughout the entire water column under downwelling conditions and concentrate in the surface layer when upwelling favourable winds blow. Our evidences point to the meridional temperature gradient acting as an important controlling factor of the central waters thermohaline properties and in the development and decay of the Iberian Poleward Current.     

多岛屿、多汊道环境下大型深水港建设中的水沙问题

洋山港海域多岛屿、多汊道,是由大、小洋山两条岛链围成的喇叭口型的海域,潮汐水道以落潮流为主、高含沙量、强潮流,泥沙运动主要以悬沙为主。通道内潮流基本为东南-西北向往复流,潮流平均流速在1.0 m/s,最大流速都在2.0 m/s以上,含沙量在1.0 kg/m3以上。根据其海域边界特点,利用任意三角形网格建立了能较好拟合洋山港海域边界的二维潮流泥沙及地形冲淤变化数学模型。应用2006年4月实测水文泥沙及地形冲淤资料进行了验证,验证结果表明,该海域潮位及定点同步垂线流速、流向、含沙量过程的计算值与实测值吻合良好,洋山港海域通道内地形冲淤变化情况和实测值接近,较好地复演了洋山港一、二期工程建设后海域流场、含沙量场和地形变化。     

Internal tidal currents in the Gaoping (Kaoping) Submarine Canyon

Data from five separate field experiments during 2000–2006 were used to study the internal tidal flow patterns in the Gaoping (formerly spelled Kaoping) Submarine Canyon. The internal tides are large with maximum interface displacements of about 200 m and maximum velocities of over 100cm/s. They are characterized by a first-mode velocity and density structure with zero crossing at about 100 m depth. In the lower layer, the currents increase with increasing depth. The density interface and the along-channel velocity are approximately 90° out-of-phase, suggesting a predominant standing wave pattern. However, partial reflection is indicated as there is a consistent phase advance between sea level and density interface along the canyon axis.