Investigating the influence of soil properties on railway traffic vibration using a numerical model

This paper presents the influence of dynamic and geometrical soil parameters on the propagation of ground vibrations induced by external loads. The proposed approach is based on a three-dimensional model, focusing on realistic excitation sources like impulse loads and moving railway vehicles. For the latter, a complete vehicle/track model is developed. The simulation is performed in time domain, offering an interesting approach, compared with classic cyclic analyses. The ground is modelled initially as an elastic homogeneous half-space and additionally as a layered half-space. First, the effect of homogeneous soil properties on ground vibration is analysed. Soil stratification is then taken into account, using various configurations. Analysis reveals that as receiver distance increases ground wave reflection in a layered ground plays an important role in the reduction of ground surface motion. This effect is magnified when the phase velocity wavelength becomes large compared with the depth of the surface layer.     

浅谈基础美学在景观设计中的应用

该文从基础美学法则,包括平面构成、设计基础元素、色彩应用等,初步探讨其在景观设计中的相互关系和应用。从美学的共性中找出适合景观设计的某些特定法则。     

Influence of some vehicle and track parameters on the environmental vibrations induced by railway traffic

A study is performed on the influence of some typical railway vehicle and track parameters on the level of ground vibrations induced in the neighbourhood. The results are obtained from a previously validated simulation framework considering in a first step the vehicle/track subsystem and, in a second step, the response of the soil to the forces resulting from the first analysis. The vehicle is reduced to a simple vertical 3-dof model, corresponding to the superposition of the wheelset, the bogie and the car body. The rail is modelled as a succession of beam elements elastically supported by the sleepers, lying themselves on a flexible foundation representing the ballast and the subgrade. The connection between the wheels and the rails is realised through a non-linear Hertzian contact. The soil motion is obtained from a finite/infinite element model. The investigated vehicle parameters are its type (urban, high speed, freight, etc.) and its speed. For the track, the rail flexural stiffness, the railpad stiffness, the spacing between sleepers and the rail and sleeper masses are considered. In all cases, the parameter value range is defined from a bibliographic browsing. At the end, the paper proposes a table summarising the influence of each studied parameter on three indicators: the vehicle acceleration, the rail velocity and the soil velocity. It namely turns out that the vehicle has a serious influence on the vibration level and should be considered in prediction models.     

温度应力对既有混凝土连续箱梁桥开裂的影响分析

采用三维空间实体单元，在分析连续箱梁桥温度应力分布规律的基础上，研究了温度梯度、箱梁的肋板与顶板刚度比以及跨径比等参数变化对温度应力的影响，并分析比较了按《公路桥涵设计通用规范》JTJ021-89版和JTG D60-2004版计算的温度应力。结果表明，在JTG D60-2004版温度梯度荷载作用下，箱梁顶板上下缘产生较大的横向拉应力，顶底板上下缘产生较大的纵向拉应力，产生较大温度应力处与实桥出现裂缝的部位基本吻合，从中揭示了温度应力对既有混凝土连续箱梁桥开裂的影响。     

驾驶员安全可靠性多因素分析

影响驾驶员安全可靠性的身心因素很多,研究中对22项指标进行分析,将有关指标合并,归纳为6种主因子:第一主因子相关变量5种,反映驾驶员的反应能力;第二主因子相关变量4种,反映中枢神经系统的平衡控制能力;第三主因子相关变量5种,反映驾驶员视觉功能;第四主因子相关变量4种,反映注意综合品质;第五主因子相关变量3种,反映驾驶员速度判断能力;第六主因子为驾驶员听觉能力。基于主因子分析进一步整合,建立驾驶员安全可靠性评价指标体系。     

跨座式单轨PC轨道梁设计

跨座式单轨PC（预应力混凝土）轨道梁桥结构具有承重、导向及稳定的作用。阐述了作用于PC轨道梁桥结构上的荷载,曲线PC轨道梁的内力计算,预应力计算,应力计算及组合。简要介绍了PC轨道梁的支座、伸缩指形板及梁内或梁上预埋件的设置。     

当代大型豪华邮轮功能与空间美学趋势研究

  目的  针对中国邮轮创意设计能力不足、承载欧美生活方式的艺术设计风格无法满足中国人审美需求的问题,开展融入中国元素的本土邮轮设计实践。  方法  首先,在分析中国游客消费特征和行为偏好的基础上,提出客舱选择、饮食方式、娱乐活动和购物消费等个性化的设计目标,完成邮轮功能设置分析和客舱空间设计;然后,将“鲲”形象作为中国文化创意理念来源,从整体轮廓、侧立面、艏艉部、烟囱、涂装和灯光设计等邮轮外形特征元素方面,进行功能舱室区划与外形匹配设计。  结果  从用户行为、文化创意、艺术风格等方面进行邮轮功能空间和外形设计探索,提出了概念设计方案。  结论  所做研究对于提升中国邮轮自主创新和美学设计水平具参考和指导意义。     

重大工程前期资源性要素保障工作研究

为保护城市自然资源,推进上海市重大项目建设,提升资源性要素的统筹保障水平,开展了项目前期资源性要素保障工作研究;在梳理市区两级现有的管理政策,分析占补平衡瓶颈痛点的基础上,提出了资源性要素占补平衡政策机制完善建议,希望为重大工程前期资源性要素保障工作提供参考。     

车辆系统动力学研究生课程思政育人元素设计与应用探讨

车辆系统动力学课程作为车辆工程专业研究生的专业核心课程;存在公式推导和理论知识点多、课程思政素材少;且本科阶段的课程思政元素难以提升学生兴趣等问题。文章从课程知识点出发;开展了课程思政元素设计;探索了课程知识点蕴含的国家战略、技术实现和思维方法内涵;并以汽车操稳二自由度模型一节为例;分析了思政元素挖掘的角度和方法;设计了“视察一汽技术创新和自主品牌建设成果展”“中国汽车操稳模型科学家精神”和“操稳的唯物辩证思维方法”三个思政元素;开展了教学实践与教学反思;提升了研究生课程授课质量;增强了学生国家战略意识;树立了技术创新志向及培养了辩证唯物思想。     

防止电力机车进入无电单元(区)的安全预警方法

针对目前计划内接触网停电时电力机车进入无电单元(区)的问题,提出了基于动态停电作业区域数据对比库语音、屏幕鼠标点击坐标和高清成像分析进行"三元素二阶段"处理对比方法,以减少人员操作失误和损失.机车/车次信息及对应机车属性先由操作人员办理接发列预告(办理闭塞)的语音识别获取,再通过TDCS/CTC终端机非上位机获取并核对...