国际渔业管理中的生态标签制度

响应可持续性环境发展的号召,渔业生态标签制度应运而生。发展中国家最大的疑虑是担心形成潜在的贸易壁垒。世界粮农组织于2005年达成《海洋捕捞渔业鱼和渔产品生态际签国际准则》,希望给所有已经或者计划实行生态标签制度的国家以最大的信心和帮助。     

A review of vehicle fuel consumption models to evaluate eco-driving and eco-routing

Fuel consumption models have been widely used to predict fuel consumption and evaluate new vehicle technologies. However, due to the uncertainty and high nonlinearity of fuel systems, it is difficult to develop an accurate fuel consumption model for real-time calculations. Additionally, whether the developed fuel consumption models are suitable for eco-routing and eco-driving systems is unknown. To address these issues, a systematic review of fuel consumption models and the factors that influence fuel economy is presented. First, the primary factors that affect fuel economy, including travel-related, weather-related, vehicle-related, roadway-related, traffic-related, and driver-related factors, are discussed. Then, state-of-the-art fuel consumption models developed after 2000 are summarized and classified into three broad types based on transparency, i.e., white-box, grey-box and black-box models. Consequently, the limitations and potential possibilities of fuel consumption modelling are highlighted in this review.     

Workshop report - A successful contractual setting

Successful public transport service contracts can be judged against procedural and outcome criteria, located within an integrated strategic, tactical and operational level framework for planning and delivery. Clear goal setting at the strategic level sets the basis for supportive tactical system planning and for service delivery that meets goals. The workshop considers relevant success criteria and key matters that need to be resolved for their achievement. Market growth potential and the governmental attitude to supporting service growth are important issues shaping the contractual environment. The growing interest in negotiated performance-based contracts and the role of trust between the operator and the authority are also matters for particular attention.