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对1950年~1992年COADS资料和7月~8月西北太平洋热带气旋的路径资料进行了初步的统计分析.结果表明从年际变化的时间尺度上来看,在厄尔尼诺(拉尼娜)现象出现后,赤道中、西太平洋纬向风正(负)异常,近赤道地区(10°N~20°N)中、西太平洋出现纬向风负(正)异常,Hadley环流加强(减弱),副热带高压增强(减弱),因此,7月~8月西北太平洋北上热带气旋出现的次数少(多).该规律已被1997年~2000年北上热带气旋的数目所证实.热带气旋是影响船舶航行安全最重要的灾害性天气系统之一.远洋运输船舶可以根据上述规律对相应季节的航线设计、船舶载重线、船舶操纵、运输途中的货物保管及港口装卸等都要做相应的调整和采取适当的措施,避免或减少不必要的损失. 相似文献
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针对船舶海上实际避抗台风的需要,利用GIS技术开发西北太平洋热带气旋显示和标绘系统软件,实现在电子海图上显示热带气旋、船舶航线和计划航线信息,量算距离和方位,根据最近时间的移向和移速,推算热带气旋和船舶的位置. 相似文献
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南海环境条件复杂多变,深水、高压、低温、波流的不规则性以及内波的存在等使半潜式钻井平台设计面临重大挑战。研究海洋环境条件的意义是在现有的平台设计水平和设备技术水平条件下,确保该海域作业的半潜式钻井平台的作业性、安全性和经济性。研究南海海域的环境特征,可应用于南海半潜式钻井平台设计中不同工况的海况参数选取。 相似文献
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Gas transfer velocities of CO2 and CH4 in a tropical reservoir and its river downstream 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Frdric Gurin Gwenaël Abril Dominique Sera Claire Delon Sandrine Richard Robert Delmas Alain Tremblay Louis Varfalvy 《Journal of Marine Systems》2007,66(1-4):161
We have measured simultaneously the methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) surface concentrations and water–air fluxes by floating chambers (FC) in the Petit-Saut Reservoir (French Guiana) and its tidal river (Sinnamary River) downstream of the dam, during the two field experiments in wet (May 2003) and dry season (December 2003). The eddy covariance (EC) technique was also used for CO2 fluxes on the lake. The comparison of fluxes obtained by FC and EC showed little discrepancies mainly due to differences in measurements durations which resulted in different average wind speeds. When comparing the gas transfer velocity (k600) for a given wind speed, both methods gave similar results. On the lake and excluding rainy events, we obtained an exponential relationship between k600 and U10, with a significant intercept at 1.7 cm h− 1, probably due to thermal effects. Gas transfer velocity was also positively related to rainfall rates reaching 26.5 cm h−1 for a rainfall rate of 36 mm h− 1. During a 24-h experiment in dry season, rainfall accounted for as much as 25% of the k600. In the river downstream of the dam, k600 values were 3 to 4 times higher than on the lake, and followed a linear relationship with U10. 相似文献
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文中根据对1972年以来北上热带气旋的统计,对北上影响日照附近海域的热带气旋,从北上路径、经过日照时热带气旋的强度、日照本站的风力等方面进行了特征分析。同时,给出了适于日照港港口安全管理部门使用的热带气旋预报信息的来源。论文的结论可供进一步加强日照港防抗北上热带气旋工作,保障日照港防抗台期间船舶和海上作业安全提供重要的参考。 相似文献
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冬季的中日航线主要受两类天气系统的影响一类是来自大陆的强冷空气的影响;另一类是温带气旋的影响。本文主要讨论冬季在该航线上的中小型船舶如何避开强风,保证航行安全。 相似文献
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This article is part of a special issue that provides insight into global conservation science by analyzing a 5-year, $12.5 million global marine conservation science and policy program. In this article, we summarize the development of the program in Coiba Island in the Gulf of Chiriquí Panama, and the Galapagos islands of Ecuador, both part of the Eastern Tropical Pacific Seascape. In Panama, the history of Coiba island as a federal penal colony shaped the process and outcome of the program. In the Galapagos, the unique science history of the islands and subsequent international recognition influenced the outcomes of regional marine managed areas. 相似文献
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Most coastal areas of the world are now at risk from natural hazards such as cyclones, storm surges, beach erosions, tsunamis, sea level rises, and so on, resulting from geological and meteorological disturbances. In Bangladesh, during premonsoon and post-monsoon periods cyclone and tidal surges are considered the most catastrophic phenomena in coastal regions, including islands. Most coastal island residents of Bangladesh have been facing cyclones for centuries. The present study establishes a comparison between two neighboring islands, Sandwip and Hatia, of the Meghna estuary with respect to disaster reaction and management. Based on a questionnaire survey and observations, the study shows that the inhabitants of Hatia are more aware of and confident in disaster management than the inhabitants of Sandwip. Residents of both islands in the Meghna estuary have established trust in the warning signals following the heavy devastation of great cyclones of 1970, 1985, 1991, and 1997. The residents of Hatia have been facing cyclones and tidal surges more frequently than the residents of Sandwip due to the island's geographical location. In addition, shelter management and relief management are better developed in Hatia than Sandwip. 相似文献