汽车e／E—mark出口认证分析

主要对欧盟、联合国欧洲经济委员会汽车型式批准体系e／E—mark出队证体系的关系、认证流程、认证标志、认证要求进行论述。     

Marine Social Science for the Peopled Seas

Coastal communities, indigenous peoples, and small-scale fishers rely on the ocean for livelihoods, for subsistence, for wellbeing and for cultural continuity. Thus, understanding the human dimensions of the world’s peopled seas and coasts is fundamental to evidence-based decision-making across marine policy realms, including marine conservation, marine spatial planning, fisheries management, the blue economy and climate adaptation. This perspective article contends that the marine social sciences must inform the pursuit of sustainable oceans. To this end, the article introduces this burgeoning field and briefly reviews the insights that social science can offer to guide ocean and coastal policy and management. The upcoming United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030) provides a tremendous opportunity to build on the current interest, need for and momentum in the marine social sciences. We will be missing the boat if the marine social sciences do not form an integral and substantial part of the mandate and investments of this global ocean science for sustainability initiative.     

航海实践中"无害通过权"的运用

通过一个真实的案例对“无害通过权”的意义和运用加以分析,提醒航海人员灵活运用联合国海洋法条款中的无害通过权,以一个适当的视角看待海洋国际法。     

论战后人权的国际保护

第二次世界大战期间,战争摧毁了当时并不牢固的国际法构架,扭曲了正常的国际关系,使千百万无辜平民遭受了非人道的迫害.经历了那场血雨腥风的洗礼,人们开始认识到保护人权可以遏制独裁和专制,也是人类文明和社会进步的体现.正是由于世界各国人民对人权的基本理念和价值有了共同的认识,人权保护开始由国内转向国际.半个多世纪来,在联合国和其它国际组织的努力下,人权国际保护已经在制度、组织和司法等方面形成了较为完整的体系.世界反法西斯战争的胜利有力地促进了国际社会对人权保护的认识,同时也使得国际人权运动向前迈进了一大步.     

世界车辆法规协调论坛及其管理协定

主要对联合国欧洲经济委员会(UN/ECE)内陆运输委员会(ITC)框架下世界车辆法规协调论坛及其下属的6个工作组,以及所管理的三项协定:1958年协定(车辆结构法规)、1998年协定(全球技术法规)和1997年协定(定期技术检查)等进行论述。     

国内水路运输汽车集装箱货物安全管理研究

随着国家倡导提高水运比例,推动多式联运发展政策的出台,越来越多的汽车厂家使用集装箱装运汽车进行水路运输。该文结合国际公约、国内标准以及相关法律法规对汽车集装箱货物国内水路运输的安全管理及发展进行了整理分析。     

Simulation methods supporting homologation of Electronic Stability Control in vehicle variants

ABSTRACT

Vehicle simulation has a long tradition in the automotive industry as a powerful supplement to physical vehicle testing. In the field of Electronic Stability Control (ESC) system, the simulation process has been well established to support the ESC development and application by suppliers and Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs). The latest regulation of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe UN/ECE-R 13 allows also for simulation-based homologation. This extends the usage of simulation from ESC development to homologation. This paper gives an overview of simulation methods, as well as processes and tools used for the homologation of ESC in vehicle variants. The paper first describes the generic homologation process according to the European Regulation (UN/ECE-R 13H, UN/ECE-R 13/11) and U.S. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS 126). Subsequently the ESC system is explained as well as the generic application and release process at the supplier and OEM side. Coming up with the simulation methods, the ESC development and application process needs to be adapted for the virtual vehicles. The simulation environment, consisting of vehicle model, ESC model and simulation platform, is explained in detail with some exemplary use-cases. In the final section, examples of simulation-based ESC homologation in vehicle variants are shown for passenger cars, light trucks, heavy trucks and trailers. This paper is targeted to give a state-of-the-art account of the simulation methods supporting the homologation of ESC systems in vehicle variants. However, the described approach and the lessons learned can be used as reference in future for an extended usage of simulation-supported releases of the ESC system up to the development and release of driver assistance systems.

Abbreviations: ABS: Anti-lock braking system; ADR: Australian design rules; ALB: Automatic load-dependent brake force controller; AMEVSC: Alternative method to assess the electronic vehicle stability control system; APP: Application; BSC: Brake slip controller; CAE: Computer-aided engineering; CAN: Controller area network; CAT: Category; CoG: Centre of gravity; DIN: Deutsches Institut für Normung (German Institute for Standards); EB+: Trademark of Haldex; EBD: Electronic brake force distribution; EBS: Electronic brake system; ECU: Electronic control unit; ESC: Electronic stability control; ECVWTA: European Community Whole Vehicle Type Approval; FMVSS: Federal motor vehicle safety standards; GPS: Global positioning system; GRRF: Groupe de travail en matiere de roulement et de freinage (Working Party on Braking and Running Gear); HiL: Hardware-in-the-Loop; HSRI: Highway Safety Research Institute; K&C: Kinematic and compliant (KnC); MBS: Multibody systems; MPV: Multipurpose vehicle; NHTSA: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; OEM: Original equipment manufacturer; SiL: Software-in-the-Loop; ST: Summer tyres; STM: Single track model; StVO: Straßenverkehrsordnung (Government Highway Regulations); SUV: Sports utility vehicle; SW: Software; SwD: Sine with dwell manoeuvre; TC: Threshold consumption value; TCS: Traction control system; TRIAS: Test Requirements and Instructions for Automobile Standards; UN/ECE: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe; VAF: Value-added function; VDC: Vehicle dynamics controller; VTC: Vehicle test catalogue; WT: Winter tyres