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Transportation systems serve important roles during emergencies, in particular for evacuations. However, efficient travel during these life-and-death scenarios can be adversely impacted by external conditions, such as unnecessary and unneeded travel. This research sought to enhance the understanding of the effects of these conditions by analyzing shadow evacuations, and their impact on regional traffic operations in megaregions, more broadly. The research was based on simulations of a range of hurricane evacuation threat scenarios in the Gulf of Mexico building upon prior study using TRANSIMS. These assessments are also targeted at what many assume could be worst case evacuation conditions and pushing the limits of current simulation modeling capability. Among the broader findings of this work was that shadow evacuation participation rates did not significantly impact the evacuation clearance times within mandatory evacuation areas of the megaregion as long as demand could be temporarily spread out. This finding does not, however, suggest that the shadow evacuations have no impact on evacuation processes. High rates of shadow evacuees can cause significant congestion if they are not able to exit critical routes before mandatory evacuees reach areas further away from the coast. 相似文献
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运用电子操纵模拟器 ,预演了第六代集装箱船在各种不利航行条件下进出洋山深水港区的航行过程 ,分析了风、浪、流等环境因素对船舶操纵的影响 ,确定了船舶安全进出港所需的航道宽度、船舶安全靠泊条件和掉头操纵水域尺度。大量的模拟试验研究结果证实 :洋山深水港区具有良好的船舶航行条件 ,船舶按一期工程小洋山方案 (一 )、小洋山方案 (二 )以及小洋山~镬盖塘方案进行靠离泊和掉头操纵无本质差异 ,主要不同点在于船舶通过窄口后小洋山方案 (一 )和小洋山方案 (二 )比小洋山~镬盖塘方案有较长的制动水域 相似文献
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滑床板摩擦力对尖轨不足位移的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为解决道岔尖轨不足位移问题,根据尖轨的特殊结构外形、受力特性和扳动机理,建立尖轨不足位移计算仿真模型,分析不同滑床板表面摩擦系数取值下尖轨不足位移的变化。结果表明:摩擦力是导致尖轨产生不足位移的主要原因;尖轨不足位移随滑床板摩擦系数的增加而增大,基本成线性递增关系;最后牵引点距尖轨跟端间间距越大,摩擦系数对不足位移的影响也越大。减小摩擦力和优化牵引点间距能够较好地控制尖轨不足位移。提出设置滚轮式滑床板方案,将轨底与滑床板间的滑动摩擦转化为滚动摩擦,并优化滚轮式滑床板布置方式,进一步减小了尖轨不足位移。 相似文献
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自适应神经网络用于船舶动力定位系统 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
船舶动力定位(DP)采用一种控制系统驱动装在船上的侧推器和尾部推进器或者几个全回转的推进器,使船定位在海平面的要求位置上。船受到风、浪及流等海洋环境力的作用时会漂移离开原位置,传统的控制方法是采用PID(比例、积分、微分)反馈控制。顾和李(1994)提出了一种新的基于人工神经网络的控制方法,它具有许多优越性:①一个可随意调节的目标函数以适合不同的需求──定位精度高或节约定位能量后前馈控制并能自适应于不同的环境力变化包括非线性的波浪漂力;本文在目标函数中引入了与速度相关的项,从而提高控制质量。这一方法也可用于自动驾驶船舶沿设定的轨迹航行。计算机模拟结果表明本方法能达到很好的控制效果。 相似文献
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This paper investigates the feasibility of a self-organizing, completely distributed traffic information system based upon vehicle-to-vehicle communication technologies. Unlike centralized traffic information systems, the proposed system does not need public infrastructure investment as a prerequisite for implementation. Due to the complexity of the proposed system, simulation is selected as the primary approach in the feasibility studies. A simulation framework is built based on an existing microscopic traffic simulation model for the simulation studies. The critical questions for building the proposed market-driven system are examined both from communication requirements and traffic engineering points of view. Traffic information propagation both in freeway and arterial networks via information exchange among IVC-equipped vehicles is tested within the simulation framework. Results on the probability of successful IVC and traffic information propagation distance obtained from the simulation studies are generated and analyzed under incident-free and incident conditions for various roadway formats and parameter combinations. Comparisons between the speed of the incident information wave and the speed of the corresponding traffic shock wave due to the incident are analyzed for different scenarios as the most crucial aspect of the information propagation as a potential foundation for application in such a decentralized traffic information system. 相似文献
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Total motion in waves can be considered as a superposition of the motion of the body in still water and the forces on the restrained body. In this study the effect of added mass fluctuation on vertical vibration of tension leg platforms (TLP) in the case of vibration in still water for both free and forced vibration subjected to axial load at the top of the leg is presented. This effect is more important when the amplitude of vibration is large. Also this is important in fatigue life study of tethers. The structural model used here is very simple. Perturbation method is used to formulate and solve the problem. First- and second-order perturbations are used to solve the free and forced vibrations, respectively. 相似文献