Eddies around Madagascar — The retroflection re-considered

The Agulhas Current with its retroflection and attendant eddy-shedding is the cause of some of the greatest mesoscale variability in the ocean. This paper considers the area to the south and east of Madagascar, which provides some of the source waters of the Agulhas Current, and examines the propagating sea surface height signals in altimetry and output from a numerical model, OCCAM. Both show bands of variability along the axis of the East Madagascar Current (EMC) and along a zonal band near 25°S. Sequences of images plus associated temperature data suggest that a number of westward-propagating eddies are present in this zonal band. The paper then focuses on the region to the south of the island, where ocean colour and infra-red imagery are evocative of an East Madagascar Retroflection. The synthesis of data analysed in this paper, however, shows that remotely observed features in this area can be explained by anticyclonic eddies moving westward through the region, and this explanation is consistent with numerical model output and the trajectories of drifting buoys.     

固定化高效微生物滤池法处理焦化废水试验研究

采用固定化高效微生物滤池法处理钢铁焦化废水,试验确定了该工艺运行的最佳条件。试验运行工况在：流量为4～6.0 m^3/h、生化处理停留时间25～50h,其中厌氧13～22 h,好氧20～28 h、曝气量40∶1时,处理效果最佳,系统对CODcr的平均去除率达到95.4%、对氨氮平均去除率达到96.1%、对氰化物平均去除率达到99.1%。结果表明,焦化废水经该工艺处理后,满足GB8978—1996二级标准排放要求。     

柴油发动机掺烧生物柴油的经济性研究

为了更好地评价柴油机燃用生物柴油的经济性,分析了生物柴油和0#石化柴油的理化性质,分别对生物柴油的体积分数为0.2,0.5,1的B20、B50、B100 3种燃料和0#柴油在495Q3柴油机上进行了试验。试验结果显示燃用3种燃料的燃油消耗率比0#柴油在中小负荷时平均增加5.30%,9.65%,19.04%,大负荷时平均增加2.86%,4.75%,9.64%;能量等值折合油耗率在中小负荷时平均增加2.65%,2.63%,5.74%,大负荷时平均降低0.26%,1.97%,4.80%。     

动脉粥样硬化发病的炎症机制的研究进展

动脉粥样硬化是临床常见疾病,是缺血性心脑血管病的主要病理基础。迄今为止,其发病机制尚未完全清楚,因而临床尚无有效而特异性的药物治疗。大量基础和临床研究表明,动脉粥样硬化是一种慢性炎症性疾病,是血管壁对各种损伤的一种异常反应,具有经典炎症变性、渗出及增生的特点。炎症反应贯穿动脉粥样硬化发病的各个阶段,可能是多种致动脉粥样硬化因素致病机制的共同环节或通路。炎症机制不但与动脉粥样硬化的发生发展有关,而且与动脉粥样硬化的多种并发症的发生密切相关。动脉粥样硬化的炎症类型包括生物性炎症、免疫性炎症和化学性炎症。动脉粥样硬化发病初期主要表现为急性渗出性炎症,而在进展期主要表现出慢性增生性炎症的特点。炎症反应中涉及多种炎症细胞、炎性细胞因子、炎性介质、黏附分子、趋化因子、生长因子等。现已证明,多种抗动脉粥样硬化药物具有抗炎作用,抗炎治疗已成为防治动脉粥样硬化的一种新途径。     

牛仔布水洗废水的处理及回用

该文介绍了采用混凝沉淀+生物接触氧化法处理牛仔布水洗废水的处理工艺以及经过深度处理后回用于生产用水的方法,并对其进行了经济分析。     

交通出行统一帐号的电子支付MaaS运营探索

交通出行已经定位为民生实事,要求2019年全国260个地级以上城市交通出行城际无障碍互联互通,同时交通出行在不断创新的服务推动下已经悄然升级到MaaS一体化智慧出行新时代,电子支付已经成为交通出行MaaS服务的强力推手,必须对各类电子支付实现集约化运营。提出了基于统一帐号的金融级安全+电信级通信能力的交通出行聚合支付体系架构,基于该体系架构交通运营机构可利用自身优势资源,向用户提供多种账户,多种接入方式的出行全业务聚合支付服务,在完成交通运输部城市交通出行互联互通的同时构建了基于资金信息流的出行“数据链”,向云计算和大数据的智慧服务和运营体系推进。     

高速公路桥梁施工风险识别及应对措施

运用风险分析理论及方法,结合新疆某公路桥梁主桥施工实例,从经济损失、环境损失、社会损失三方面对洪水作用下桥梁施工的风险进行了分析,提出了工程防治、非工程防治、生物防治方面的措施建议,可为今后高速公路桥梁施工的风险识别及应对措施提供有益的参考.     

Behavior-consistent information-based network traffic control for evacuation operations

The evacuation operations problem aims to avoid or mitigate the potential loss of life in a region threatened or affected by a disaster. It is shaped to a large extent by the evolution of evacuation traffic resulting from the demand–supply interactions of the associated transportation network. Information-based control is a strategic tool for evacuation traffic operations as it can enable greater access to the affected population and more effective response. However, comparatively few studies have focused on the implementation of information-based control in evacuation operations. This study develops a control module for evacuation operations centered on addressing the demand–supply interactions by using behavior-consistent information strategies. These strategies incorporate the likely responses of evacuees to the information provided in the determination of route guidance information. The control module works as an iterative computational process involving an evacuee route choice model and a control model of information strategies to determine the route guidance information to direct evacuation traffic so as to approach a desired network traffic flow pattern. The problem is formulated as a fuzzy logic based optimization framework to explicitly incorporate practical concerns related to information dissemination characteristics and social equity in evacuation operations. Numerical experiments highlight the importance of accounting for the demand–supply interactions, as the use of behavior-consistent information strategies can lead evacuee route choices to approach the operator-desired proportions corresponding to the desired traffic pattern. The results also indicate that while a behavior-consistent information strategy can be effective, gaps with the desired route proportions can exist due to the discrete nature of the linguistic messages and the real-world difficulty in accurately modeling evacuees’ actual route choice behavior.     

渝湛高速公路生物防护技术的应用实践

渝湛高速公路(粤境段)的边坡、边沟、桥梁锥坡、超高路段和中央分隔带排水工程,按照生态环保的要求,采用客土喷播、挂三维网、直接喷播草种等多种生物防护技术,经过一个冬、春旱季的考验,草坪生长良好,由此表明,渝湛高速公路(粤境段)采用的生物防护技术是成功的。     

A multiple discrete-continuous model for independent- and joint-discretionary-activity participation decisions

This paper presents a multiple discrete-continuous econometric structure to model the daily time-investment decisions of couples in solo- and joint-discretionary activities incorporating intra-personal and inter-personal inter-dependencies. The empirical model was estimated using data from the 2000 Bay Area Travel Survey. The results indicate evidence of the positive impact of vehicle availability on independent activity participation and the negative impacts of the presence of children and mandatory time investments on the joint discretionary-activity engagement of the spouses. In addition, we also find the mandatory- and maintenance-activity-participation characteristics of the spouse to influence the discretionary activity choices of individuals. Finally, the analysis also indicates a strong impact of common unobserved factors on the decisions of couples. From a policy analysis perspective, these results imply that demand-management actions directly impacting one adult could also result in changes to the activity patterns of his/her spouse and to changes in joint activity participation characteristics. Dr. Sivaramakrishnan Srinivasan is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering at the University of Florida. His research interests include travel-behavior analysis, activity-based travel-demand modeling, and the application of advanced econometric methods for transportation problems. Dr. Chandra R. Bhat has contributed toward the development of advanced econometric techniques for travel behavior analysis, in recognition of which he received the 2004 Walter L. Huber Award and the 2005 James Laurie Prize from the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE).