CAD／CAM技术在船舶减摇鳍设计制造中应用的思考

介绍了CAD／CAM技术以及如何应用CAD／CAM技术为减摇鳍的设计开发提供更有效的设计平台。     

国外现代有轨电车外观设计分析

以法国海港城市马赛、丝织业中心里昂、香槟酒之都兰斯、澳大利亚文化和时尚之都墨尔本以及最新设计的概念型现代有轨电车为例,从地域文化展示、仿生设计、情感设计、城市环境融合、形式和技术之美5个方面对国外现代有轨电车的外观设计方法与实践进行分析,为体现我国各地文化和城市形象的现代有轨电车外观设计提供参考。     

水下滑翔机器鱼机构设计与运动性能分析

本文设计了一种具有仿生尾鳍的水下滑翔机器人混合驱动机构,通过内部质量块的平移、旋转、仿生尾鳍的偏置以及外部皮囊的伸缩可实现滑翔机器人的小半径三维螺旋运动。同时,建立了水下滑翔机器鱼的水动力学模型,得到了稳态螺旋运动方程,给出了俯仰调节机构质心位置、尾鳍角、横滚调节机构质心旋转角与转弯半径和垂直速度之间的关系,以及每种稳态螺旋运动所对应的输出变量初值的取值范围。所得结果表明,在俯仰调节、浮力调节、横滚调节和尾鳍驱动的共同作用下,水下滑翔机器鱼可以获得更小的转弯半径,因而机动性更好。所设计的水下滑翔机器鱼在河流和湖泊等环境的水质监测、水下柱形区域取样等领域具有潜在的应用价值。     

输入扰动对波动鳍推进性能影响的研究

输入扰动对波动鳍推进性能影响是一个新兴的研究领域。本文分析了高频率、小幅度和短波长的正弦波形叠加于波动鳍上时对波动鳍推进力的影响。建立运动学模型,利用四面体网格对计算区域进行划分,采用非耦合隐式求解器求解非定常不可压缩N-S方程和连续性方程。给出计算条件,并对算法给予验证。比较等波幅和变波幅两种正弦扰动波形下,波动鳍的无量纲阻力系数、阻力系数均值以及涡量场随周期(0.05 s、0.1 s、0.3 s、0.5 s、0.8 s)、幅度(0.0008 m、0.001 m、0.0015 m)和波长(0.002 m、0.008 m、0.012 m)的变化情况,从涡动力学角度对该影响进行解释。结果显示:输入扰动不仅影响了波动鳍前缘涡的传递,并对波动鳍周边及尾迹区域漩涡数量和强度产生了改变。除在特定条件外,输入扰动对波动鳍推进力产生负面影响,变波幅扰动的影响要大于等波幅情况。该研究可为波动鳍选择合适参数的输入扰动以提高推进力提供参考。     

船舶舵鳍联合减摇模糊变结构控制研究

分析了船舶运动的非线性模型,根据实际情况进行假设,得到了船舶舵鳍联合减摇控制系统的状态方程,把非线性船舶舵鳍联合控制模型转化为可控正则型;将船舶运动模型看作是由横摇、艏摇、横荡3个子系统构成的大系统,进行了舵鳍联合控制,设计了舵鳍联合控制器和分散非线性变结构控制器,为了改善控制的品质,又进一步提出了模糊趋近律变结构控制的方法,最后针对减摇控制器进行了MATLAB仿真研究。仿真结果表明:舵鳍联合控制器能够很好的抑制船舶的横摇和艏摇,并能尽可能的减小横荡。     

大型小水线面双体船纵向运动稳定性及纵向运动分析

以大型小水线面双体船为研究对象,观察其在静水中的纵向运动稳定性以及根据STF方法结合粘性修正方法预报其在波浪上的纵摇、垂荡运动等。首先根据ROUTH稳定性准则从定性角度观察其稳定性,然后从定量角度进行分析,给出其稳定性运动品质评价指标,并与配置稳定鳍后进行对比。最后给出配置稳定鳍后小水线面双体船的纵向运动预报。     

减摇鳍与舭龙骨组合体定常升力数值计算

运用涡格法（ＶＬＭ）建立了前后两对鳍与中间舭龙骨构成组合的定常升力的数值计算模型,其中考虑了梢涡和尾涡的分离与卷起、计算结果与文献［１］的试验结果吻合良好。     

Control system design and performance evaluation of anti-pitching fins

We have investigated the usefulness of active stabilizing fins to reduce ship pitching under varying forward speeds, and in varying wave lengths. A 4-m self-propelled model ship and an electrohydraulically driven stabilizing fin system were used in our experiment. Pitch angles, pitch rates, and ship forward speeds were measured and fed back to a controller to calculate the deflection angle of the stabilizing fin. The effects of fin nonlinearity on achievable pitch reduction performance are discussed. It is shown that the desired pitch response can only be achieved when the fin is operated in the linear region. The overall dynamic response of the ship approaches open-loop behavior when the degree of nonlinearity is high. This simple analysis of the pitch stablizing system provides basic information to ship designers. Experimental results validate these design guidelines. Received for publication on Feb. 12, 1998; accepted on Dec. 8, 1999     

Experimental study of the airside performance for interrupted fin-and-tube heat exchanger with hydrophilic coating under dehumidifying conditions

The airside heat transfer and friction characteristics of seven interrupted fin-and-tube heat exchangers with hydrophilic coating under dehumidifying conditions are experimented. The effects of number of tube rows, fin pitch and inlet relative humidity on airside performance are analyzed. The test results show that the influence of fin pitch on the friction characteristic under dehumidifying conditions is similar to that under dry surface, and the friction factors decrease slightly with the increase of number of tube rows. The heat transfer performance decreases as fin pitch and number of tube rows increases. The heat transfer performance and the friction characteristic are independent of inlet relative humidity. Based on the test results, heat transfer and friction correlations in terms of the Colburn j factor and Fanning f factor, are proposed to describe the airside performance of the interrupted fin geometry with hydrophilic coating under dehumidifying conditions. The correlation of the Colburn j factor gives a mean deviation of 9.7%, while the correlation of the Fanning f factor shows a mean deviation of 7.3%.     

减摇鳍/水舱联合减摇系统模糊自适应滑模控制

针对减摇鳍和被动式减摇水舱设备在不同航速下的减摇特点,建立了船舶减摇鳍/水舱联合减摇系统的横摇数学模型。结合模糊自适应控制良好的逼近特性和滑模控制算法对扰动和模型参数变化的不灵敏性,设计了减摇鳍/水舱联合减摇系统的模糊自适应滑模控制器。采用实船参数的仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器具有良好的自适应性和鲁棒性,减摇鳍/水舱联合减摇控制系统在不同海况和不同航速下均具有良好的减摇效果。