舰船尾流气泡层散射相位函数的计算与分析

利用Mie散射理论及其递推公式并结合舰船尾流气泡的测量结果,得到了舰船尾流中气泡群的散射相位函数。通过对散射相位函数的分析与讨论,得出：尾流存在时间及气泡群分布模型参数的变化对散射相位函数的影响较小,仅当小半径气泡密度增加时其后向散射强度略有减小;尾流气泡相对于海水的折射率变化是影响尾流气泡群散射相位函数的主要因素,相对折射率越大,后向散射越弱。     

控制气泡逸出技术的计算研究

采用欧拉方法的混合两相流模型及标准k-ε湍流模型,对采用控制气泡逸出技术的高速艇进行数值模拟,得到模型在喷气与不喷气状态下航行时的粘性流场,探讨不同控制气泡逸出方法对摩擦阻力减阻效果的影响,以寻求出使气泡在艇底保持及运动稳定性较好的最佳减阻措施。计算结果表明:在艇底加防溅条没有达到预期的减阻效果,优化后的新船型明显提高微气泡的减阻率。     

Interaction of two three-dimensional explosion bubbles

The interaction of two underwater explosion bubbles was mathematically analyzed in this paper. Based on the assumption of potential flow, high-order curved elements were used to discretize the boundary integral equation and solve it. Assuming that gas inside the bubble follows the isentropic rule, the Euler-Lagrange method was used to trace the evolution of the bubble, and when calculating the singular integral, the singularity of the double-layer singular integral was eliminated by reconstructing a principal-value integral of double-layer potential so that a more precise result could be obtained. Elastic mesh technique (EMT) was also used when tracing the evolution of the bubble interface, and numerical smoothing wasn't needed. A comparison of calculations using this three-dimensional model with results of the Reyleigh-Plesset bubble model shows that the three-dimensional model and calculation method in this paper is practical. This three-dimensional model was applied to simulate the interaction of two bubbles under the action of gravity, and the dynamic characteristics of two bubbles near the surface was also analyzed. Bubbles influenced by surface effects and gravity present severe non-linearity. This paper provides a reference for research into the dynamics of multi-bubbles.     

Are there bubbles in the shipping freight market?

ABSTRACT

This paper addresses the reconsideration of price bubbles specific to the shipping freight market based on the method of the Generalized Supremum Augmented Dickey–Fuller (GSADF). This approach offers the opportunity to recognize multiple bubbles and set their corresponding original and final dates. Empirical results reveal that four bubbles existed in the shipping freight market between October 1988 and February 2018 in which freight deviated from fundamental values. Strong demand (especially in China), the supply capacity, crude oil prices and U.S. dollar fluctuations are potential explanations for the first three bubbles. The global financial crisis that burst in 2008 is the major factor results in the last bubble. Hence, we must distinguish the potential reasons of bubbles in different periods and take measures such as promoting economic multipolarization, strengthening the bargaining power of China, building an effective information transfer system, employing financial derivatives and accelerating the consolidation of the shipping industry to alleviate the negative influences on global seaborne trade.     

轻质土技术的应用

轻质土技术是公路建设的发展方向。文章介绍了超轻量气泡＂填土＂技术、气泡混合轻质土技术、非压实填土技术。详细论述了非压实填土技术在桥台台背跳车、道路加宽、软基填筑、滑坡治理、地下空洞填充等方面的应用。     

气泡幕后向散射信号中的多次散射效应研究

利用蒙特卡罗方法对气泡幕后向散射接收信号及其各次散射分量进行了系统仿真,并详细讨论了不同接收视场和气泡幕密度下的多次散射效应.结果表明:高次散射信号在气泡幕回波信号中占有重要的成分.不能以单散射来近似计算;随着接收视场和气泡幕密度的增加,高次散射分量在接收信号中的比重增加,有利于气泡幕后向散射信号的探测.     

船舶尾流气泡幕探测技术进展与应用

本文介绍并比较船舶尾流气泡幕的声学探测和光学探测的异同。以检测参量为主线,讨论光学探测中气泡对散射光强度、频率和偏振特性的影响,重点阐述基于脉冲回波、激光拉曼散射和光学成像等探测方式的应用原理、发展状况和存在的问题。以提高回波信号信噪比为目的,提出一种基于表面等离子激元的气泡尾流探测新思路,并进行相关模拟论证。气泡尾流光学探测法及其应用系统具有实时性好、灵敏度高、探测区域广等优点,在船舶监控、海洋水体污染检测和海洋生物环境监测等方面应用广泛。     

气泡尾流光学特性研究的发展评述

概述了气泡尾流研究的理论意义及其重要的实际意义，简述了用光学方法研究气泡尾流的基本原理和方法，介绍了气泡尾流光学特性研究的几个主要问题，综述了目前国内外在这一领域的研究现状并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。