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ABSTRACT This paper explores the online channel strategies adopted by Chinese manufacturers with regard to the Belt and Road. It also investigates the effect of offline channel power structures and maritime transportation costs on online channel mode selection and pricing strategies. The offline channel power structures are classified into three types, namely, Chinese manufacturer Stackelberg (MS) structure, vertical Nash (VN) structure, and foreign retailer Stackelberg (RS) structure. Furthermore, a game model is developed among the Chinese manufacturer, foreign retailer, and cross-border e-tailer to investigate the interactions among offline channel power structures, maritime transportation costs, and Chinese manufacturers’ online channel mode selection. The results show that Chinese manufacturers’ preferences for the online agency selling mode increases correspondingly with the decrease in their market position and bargaining power. Moreover, foreign retailers can obtain higher profits in the online agency selling mode under the VN structure. However, the level of profit for foreign retailers depends on the intensity of their competition with cross-border e-tailers under the MS and RS structures. Finally, consumers in countries along the Belt and Road can obtain a higher surplus in the online agency selling mode under all of the structures. 相似文献
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In the United States, federal funding for public transit often accounts for a large proportion of a local agency's budget, especially for capital investments. For this reason, local governments can be expected to plan a portfolio of projects that maximize federal contributions. This study examines the financial effects of federal transit subsidy policy on local transit investment decisions. Data from a System Planning Study for the Geary Corridor in San Francisco are used as an illustration. It is found that federal transit subsidy policy provides financial incentives for local decision-makers to select capital-intensive investment options that may not be efficient or effective. While federal financial incentives are not the only factor influencing local investment decisions, some reform of the current subsidy policy may be necessary to reduce the incentive for ineffective use of public resources. 相似文献
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We examine the various forces influencing the development and uptake of environmentally beneficial technical changes, focusing on airline technology. Within this context, we consider not only the nature of competition within the final market in which aircraft, an intermediate product, are sold, but also that of the product market itself, the commercial airline industry. The reasons for the gradual reduction in CO2 per seat per aircraft movement in aircraft design are examined in terms of the real costs of aviation fuel, changes in the nature of the supply industry, the movement towards carbon cap-trade policies, and endogenous technical progress in the technology of the industry. The latter being taken as an empirical proxy for the role market forms play in influencing the fuel efficiency of the types of aircraft used. The results support the existence of these latter forces on the demand for aircraft types, allowing for other influences that affect aircraft technology. 相似文献
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文中以广东省公路建设项目征地拆迁费用的确定为例,以现行实施的征地拆迁补偿相关规定为基础,探讨征地数量和标准的计量、计算方法,建立征地拆迁标准动态数据库,以期对征地拆迁费用的确定和控制提供思路和实际操作指导。 相似文献
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The relevance of international transport costs on food prices: Endogenous and exogenous effects 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The paper addresses the problem of transport costs and their influence on food prices for South American imports. While transport does not seem to be in the focus of existing analyses, its impact on food prices might be underestimated and even closely linked to the development of commonly mentioned drivers of food prices. Since transport price formation is a function of demand and supply, drivers of food prices are also expected to impact on transport prices. The authors argue that a number of relevant factors that drive transport costs - and in consequence food prices - can be influenced by policy makers. Based on empirical analysis, the authors explain the functioning of the determinants of transport costs in the segment of international shipping, trying to describe their exogenous and endogenous components. These results are discussed in reference to policy development in the region. 相似文献
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把握快递行业未来发展方向,梳理了大数据技术在快递行业的应用场景并分析了大数据技术对快递行业的影响。分析结果表明,大数据技术能帮助快递企业进行最优配送方案推荐、实时监控车辆设备、解构行业数据、分析市场格局等,从而帮助行业提升配送效率、降低配送成本。未来,快递行业将充分利用大数据技术加强对物流数据的收集、分析与业务应用。在大数据技术影响下,快递企业将呈现四大发展趋势:(1)时效进一步提升,成本继续降低;(2)从快递向物流上下游串联;(3)从国内向国际网络不断外扩;(4)先进的数据分析技术向其他行业外溢。 相似文献
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从减少运营列车配置和运营成本的角度,探讨一种更经济有效的列车运行交路设计方案。基于深圳地铁3号线的案例,提出单向加车小交路方案,对其方案的优缺点进行分析,得出以下结论:单向发车交路方案在节约车辆购置费、运营成本、场段规模等方面均有优势,可以提高运营效率,是缓解局部高峰客流非常行之有效的手段。总结采用该方案的若干适用条件(客流潮汐现象明显、场段分布及规模适宜等),希望能为业内设计及运营实践提供一定的帮助。 相似文献
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