公路货运信息服务业运营模式及发展对策研究

在分析和界定公路货运信息服务业内涵的基础上，研究了公路货运信息服务业4种运营模式（个体信息服务中介模式、场站信息服务中心模式、区域信息服务平台模式和公共信息服务网络模式），并基于公路货运信息服务业发展现状及向现代物流发展的趋势，提出了公路货运信息服务业向现代物流体系发展的基本思路和策略。     

崩塌滑坡堵江堰塞湖灾害链铁路减灾选线策略

青藏高原南缘是崩塌滑坡堵江形成堰塞湖灾害链的高风险区,而我国铁路缺乏应对堰塞湖灾害的经验。铁路灾后改建工程线路优化设计将产生直接减灾效益,而新建铁路在选线阶段就采取一些主动减灾策略,也是风险调控的重要手段。为此,以中巴经济走廊中拟建哈维连至喀什铁路Attabad堰塞湖段为研究对象,根据堰塞湖灾害特点,通过将改建工程分段设计,并对不同改建线路方案进行技术经济指标比较,完成该段改建线路设计。基于上述工作,提出以有利地形控制溢流口开挖深度、宜尽量利用既有工程、在离开湖区后集中展线尽快与既有线联接、有条件时可提高限制坡度等灾后绕湖铁路选线设计要点与高位选线、酌情预留提高限坡措施的条件、尽量不跨河等新建铁路减灾选线设计策略,希望为铁路应对崩塌滑坡堵江堰塞湖灾害链提供参考。     

Implementation and application of a stochastic aircraft boarding model

The aircraft turnaround processes is mainly controlled by the ground handling, airport or airline staff, except the aircraft boarding, which is driven by the passengers’ experience and willingness or ability to follow the proposed boarding procedures. The paper uses a prior developed, calibrated, stochastic aircraft boarding model, which is applied to different boarding strategies (chronological order of passenger arrival, hand luggage handling), group constellations and innovative infrastructural changes (Flying Carpet, Side-Slip Seat, Foldable Passenger Seat). In this context, passenger boarding is assumed to be a stochastic, agent-based, forward-directed, one-dimensional and discrete process. The stochastic model covers individual passenger behavior as well as operational constraints and deviations. A comprehensive assessment using one model allows for efficient comparison of current research approaches and innovative operational solutions for efficient passenger boarding.     

共享自动驾驶汽车经营策略优化分析

研究共享自动驾驶汽车(SAV)与普通汽车共存背景下，SAV公司如何根据运营目标优化经营策略并影响通勤者出行方式选择. 假设高速公路上存在一定数量的独驾通勤者，无车通勤者在SAV和地铁之间进行权衡. 分析固定需求和弹性需求下，SAV公司追求系统总成本最小或系统净收益最大和利润最大时的最优经营策略，即SAV票价和容量，进而得到均衡时模式划分情况，SAV最优发车数，系统总成本或系统净收益，以及公司利润等指标. 算例对均衡结果进一步验证发现，SAV公司垄断经营会收取较高的票价，提供容量较小的车型. 在系统最优情形下，SAV公司无法获得正利润，需要政府补贴运营.     

Generating lane-based intersection maps from crowdsourcing big trace data

Lane-based road information plays a critical role in transportation systems, a lane-based intersection map is the most important component in a detailed road map of the transportation infrastructure. Researchers have developed various algorithms to detect the spatial layout of intersections based on sensor data such as high-definition images/videos, laser point cloud data, and GPS traces, which can recognize intersections and road segments; however, most approaches do not automatically generate Lane-based Intersection Maps (LIMs). The objective of our study is to generate LIMs automatically from crowdsourced big trace data using a multi-hierarchy feature extraction strategy. The LIM automatic generation method proposed in this paper consists of the initial recognition of road intersections, intersection layout detection, and lane-based intersection map-generation. The initial recognition process identifies intersection and non-intersection areas using spatial clustering algorithms based on the similarity of angle and distance. The intersection layout is composed of exit and entry points, obtained by combining trajectory integration algorithms and turn rules at road intersections. The LIM generation step is finally derived from the intersection layout detection results and lane-based road information, based on geometric matching algorithms. The effectiveness of our proposed LIM generation method is demonstrated using crowdsourced vehicle traces. Additional comparisons and analysis are also conducted to confirm recognition results. Experiments show that the proposed method saves time and facilitates LIM refinement from crowdsourced traces more efficiently than methods based on other types of sensor data.     

大连市主城区停车分区供给策略研究

随着大连机动车保有量快速增长,城区规模不断扩大,主城区内停车问题逐渐凸显,且呈现出区域差别化的特点.在总结其他城市经验的基础上,结合大连城市发展现状及规划,划定停车分区,提出各分区停车设施供给策略,为大连城市未来停车系统的发展提供参考.     

地铁运营中的行车调度调整策略

结合实例,对地铁运营中的各种行车调度调整策略进行分析,认为在遭遇突发事件或设备故障时,科学合理、及时灵活地运用各种有效的调度调整策略,并遵守“安全、快速、全面、服务”的原则,就可以最大限度地降低影响、减少损失、维持运营、确保服务。     

城市交通相关空气污染健康风险研究综述

交通空气污染问题作为交通问题重要部分,因危及到人体健康而越发受到人们的重视。文章将对近年来关于交通空气污染对人体健康影响的相关研究进行综述,并从不同交通空气污染物导致的相关疾病及其与特定污染物暴露研究方法分析介绍,从而更为系统全面了解地交通相关空气污染物作用于人体相关生物机理,为交通相关空气污染控制与防护提供科学依据。     

盖梁穿钢棒法施工应用的分析

桥梁无支架施工作为一种能缩短施工时间,减少桥梁附属工程工作量的施工方法,已经在公路桥梁施工中大量运用。文中从实例出发,对穿钢棒的结构、受力计算、穿钢棒法施工盖梁工艺等做了详细分析。     

The importance of oceanographic fronts to marine birds and mammals of the southern oceans

During the last 30 years, at-sea studies of seabirds and marine mammals in the oceans south of the Subtropical Front have described an association with major frontal areas. More recently, the advancement in microtechnology has allowed the tracking of individuals and investigations into how these marine predators actually use the frontal zones. In this review, we examine 1) the relative importance to apex predators of the different frontal zones in terms of spatial distribution and carbon flux; 2) the processes that determine their preferential use; and 3) how the mesoscale dynamics of frontal structures drive at-sea foraging strategies of these predators. We review published results from southern waters and place them in a broader context with respect to what has been learned about the importance of fronts in oceans farther north.Some fronts constitute important boundaries for seabird communities in southern waters. At a mesoscale the maximum values of seabird diversity and abundance correspond to the location of the main fronts. At-sea surveys show a strong curvilinear correlation between seabird abundance and sea surface temperatures. High mean species richness and diversity for whales and seabirds are consistently associated with the southern water mass boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the Subtropical Front and the Subantarctic Front; in the case of the Polar Front mean seabird densities are more variable. At small-scales, variation in seabird occurrence has been directly related to the processes at fronts in a limited number of cases. A significant positive relation was found between some plankton feeding species and frontal temperature gradient–phytoplankton variables.Telemetric studies have revealed that several apex predators (penguins, albatrosses, seals) perform long, directed foraging trips either to the Subtropical front or Polar Front, depending on locality. Seabirds with low flight costs, such as albatrosses, are able to reach fronts at long distances from colonies, showing variable foraging strategies as a function of the distances involved. Diving birds such as King penguins, that travel at a higher cost and lower speed, rely on the predictable spatial distribution of mesopelagic fish found close to the Polar Front. They may use the currents associated with eddies as oceanographic cues in the active search for frontal zones. Once in these areas they dive preferentially in and below the depth of the thermocline where catches per unit effort are high. Elephant seals concentrate foraging activity principally inside or at the boundary of cyclonic eddies. These mesoscale features appear to offer exceptional productivity favourable for foraging by various diving top predators.The connection between biophysical parameters at fronts and predators is likely to be made through biological enhancement. Top predators appear to forage at locations where prey are advected by physical processes and others where prey are produced locally. Long-term research on at-sea distributions and demographic parameters of top predators are essential to assess the consequences of potential shift in front distributions in relation to global warming. Such environmental changes would add to the impact of fish extraction by the industrial fisheries on the southern food webs.