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The timing and duration of an activity episode are two important temporal aspects of activity-travel behavior. Understanding the causal relationship between these two variables would be useful in the development of activity-based travel demand modeling systems. This paper investigates the relationship between these two variables by considering two different causal structures – one structure in which time-of-day choice is determined first and influences duration and a second structure in which activity duration is determined first and affects time-of-day choice. These two structures are estimated within a discrete-continuous simultaneous equations framework employing a full-information maximum likelihood methodology that allows error covariance. The estimation is performed separately for commuter and non-commuter samples drawn from a 1996 household travel survey data set from the Tampa Bay area in Florida. The results of the model estimation effort show that the causal structure in which activity duration precedes or affects activity timing (time of day choice) performs better for the non-commuter sample. For the commuter sample, the findings were less conclusive with both causal structures offering equally good statistical measures of fit. In addition, for the commuter sample, all error correlations were found to be zero. These two findings suggest that time of day choice and activity episode duration are only loosely related for the commuter sample, possibly due to the relatively non-discretionary and inflexible work activity and travel. 相似文献
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台北国际无车日自2002年起举办了5次,由最早的骑自行车活动扩大至包含“走路上学日”与“公共交通月”丰富多彩的系列活动,渐渐获得民众认同。无车日活动的目标是通过活动的倡导和社会参与来改变民众使用交通工具的行为,潜移默化的效应可促使形成可持续交通政策,当可持续交通政策与基础设施建设落实后又可具体改变交通环境,形成良性的循环机制。首先说明了“无车日”的由来,并回顾台北都会区过去5年来举行无车日系列活动的内容与经验,同时基于活动的发展与成果归纳出无车日活动的成功要素,最后提出未来活动将扩大举办的内容、方式与展望,以期能为其他城市作参考。 相似文献
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通过分析常用评标方法的优缺点,运用群组决策特征根法得到理想专家的评判矩阵作为专家组的统一意见,再将熵权与理想专家的主观权重相结合,从而选出最优方案,并举例说明该方法使评标过程更加公正科学。 相似文献
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通过项目的标线及护栏设计实践,阐述标线及护栏设计的技术要点,结果证明,项目提出的设计方案是成功之举,值得同行借鉴。 相似文献
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航标维护正常率是考核评定航标维护管理工作的重要技术指标之一。文章分析了广西内河航标失常的特点与原因,探讨了提高航标维护正常率的有效途径,提出采用多手段监控管理模式是提高航道航标管理工作质量的有效途径和科学方法。 相似文献
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航标类物标是组成电子海图重要的点状类物标元素,在制作电子海图时为了便捷地输入航标类信息,有必要建立电子海图航标数据库,参照电子海图制作标准(S-57)细分航标库的结构内容、分类,全国沿海海区的航标表或从助航网站的航标资料作为航标库的数据来源,简要介绍了电子海图S-57标准和电子海图的属性采集,应用CARIS程序代码实现数据库与制作电子海图时的关联,着重探索了利用AIS台网系统实现实时电子海图数据库小改正的新构思。 相似文献
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对路面标线的原材料和施工工艺进行分析,并结合实际的工作经验,提出路面交通标线的监理工作要点和保障交通标线施工质量的具体措施。 相似文献