深海超高压环境模拟容器裂纹评定

深海超高压环境模拟容器用于模拟水下压力环境,其容器壁上承受反复载荷,容易产生疲劳裂纹.疲劳裂纹扩展是影响其断裂的主要因素.本文旨在分析半椭圆裂纹在老化的深海超高压环境模拟容器中的扩展行为,评估容器的安全性,因此对材料20MnMoNb钢的裂纹扩展特性进行了试验研究,首先考虑三角形和梯形加载情况,通过比较两组实验结果,考察了其材料对保载时间的敏感性.采用基于统一的裂纹扩展率模型的三维有限元方法进行了疲劳裂纹扩展计算,并通过CT试样的一组数值和实验结果进行了验证,最后建立了不同初始尺寸、展弦比和倾角的裂纹有限元模型,并根据裂纹在容器内壁的容许深度准则,计算了容器的剩余寿命.其分析结果可为深海超高压环境模拟容器可靠性评估提供参考.     

我国载人深渊器的发展策略及当前进展

文中简要介绍了载人深渊器的概念;阐述了我国研制载人深渊器的意义;总结了"蛟龙号"的经验与启示;提出了我国载人深渊器的发展策略并综述了目前所取得的进展.     

全海深双球连接耐压舱的结构设计探索

钛合金耐压球壳被广泛地应用于大深度载人潜水器.但是,由于受到材料强度的限制,若采用成熟的Ti-6Al-4VELI来设计3人型的全海深载人舱,其壁厚将超出很多国家的现有制造能力.为了解决这一矛盾,该文提出了一种新的双球连接的方案,并以中国船级社最新的强度标准作为优化约束条件,用有限元分析法对这种结构形式进行了优化设计.最后,对双球结构方案与传统单球方案作了比较.     

深海钛合金压力容器在静水压力作用下的弹塑性分析

利用MSC.Marc Mentat 2005通用有限元软件对深海探测用压力容器受静水压力作用时的弹塑性失稳问题进行了计算与分析,弹性失稳数值计算的结果与用现有规范计算公式所得结果一致,均大于塑性失稳数值分析时的临界载荷。由此得出结论,对于厚壁且形状复杂的压力容器的失稳计算,用理论公式或仅用厚壳单元的弹性失稳分析是不够的,应该用3维立体单元的弹塑性失稳计算才能给出比较精确的强度预测。MSC.Marc Mentat2005强大的计算和仿真功能有效地模拟了深海精密探测容器受静水压力作用时的弹塑性失稳问题,为深海精密探测容器在材料、外观等方面做进一步的设计改进提供了可靠的工具。     

Identification of potential sites for deep-ocean waste isolation with a geographic site-selection model

Identification of optimal sites for the isolation of waste on the abyssal seafloor was performed with two approaches: by the traditional method of map overlays of relevant attributes, and by a specially developed, automated Site-Selection Model (SSM). Five initial, Surrogate Sites, identified with the map-overlay approach, were then compared with the more rigorously produced scores from the SSM. The SSM, a process for optimization of site locations, accepts subjective, expert-based judgments and transforms them into a quantitative, reproducible, and documented product. The SSM is adaptable to any siting scenario. Forty-one factors relevant to the isolation scenario, including 21 weightable factors having a total of 123 scorable categories, have been entered into the SSM. Factors are grouped under project definition, unique environments, anthropogenic, geologic, biologic, weather, oceanographic and distance criteria. The factor scores are linked to a georeferenced database array of all factors, corresponding to 1°×1° latitude–longitude squares. The SSM includes a total of 2241 one-degree squares within 1000 n.m. of the U.S. coasts, including the western North Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico, and the eastern North Pacific. Under a carefully weighted and scored scenario of isolation, the most favorable sites identified with the SSM are on the Hatteras and Nares Abyssal Plains in the Atlantic. High-scoring sites are also located in the Pacific abyssal hills province between the Murray and Molokai Fracture Zones. Acceptable 1° squares in the Gulf of Mexico are few and of lower quality, with the optimum location on the northern Sigsbee Abyssal Plain. Two of the five Surrogate Site locations, on the Hatteras and Sigsbee Abyssal Plains, correspond to the best SSM sites in each ocean area. Two Pacific and a second Atlantic Surrogate Site are located in low-scoring regions or excluded by the SSM. Site-selection results from the SSM, although robust, are an initial attempt to quantify the site-selection process. The SSM database exposes a significant lack of high-quality information for many areally mappable attributes on the abyssal seafloor, particularly bottom-current speed and measures of biologic productivity and flux. Terminologies and classifications of some measures, such as sediment types, suffer from parochialism and vary by ocean. Considerable research is needed even for a broad understanding of the environmental measures required to make sound societal decisions about use of the abyssal seafloor for disposal or other purposes.     

深海空间站导航技术初探

船舶科技发展＂十一五＂规划纲要中,超前布置了包括深海空间站等10项代表船舶科技发展方向的重大关键技术。而导航技术的研究是深海空间站保障系统中一个主要内容,基于光纤陀螺（FOG）的惯导技术（INS）的开发和利用具有十分重要的现实意义。     

载人潜水器母船网络信息系统设计分析

本文结合我国载人深潜科学考察对母船网络信息系统的需求,阐述了载人潜水器母船网络信息系统的设计原则及总体设计方法,并对各分系统设计与实施进行论述,旨在为我国新建载人潜水器母船网络信息系统建设提供参考。     

深海平台结构的波浪载荷与动态响应特征

简要介绍当前运用较广的TLP、FPSO、Spar等型式深海平台的生产背景和主要特点,通过对上述各种结构型式深海平台的优、缺点进行深入的比较分析,探讨在南海特殊海洋环境下进行油气资源开采时宜采用的最合理的平台结构型式。     

基于参数化有限元的深潜器主框架优化设计

深潜器主框架是一个大型空间刚架结构,如何对这类复杂的工程结构进行优化,使其既满足自身的强度和刚度要求,同时又满足总体设计对主框架重量和布置的要求,这些仅仅根据经验是不够的,如何充分利用现有的大型通用有限元软件的优化设计功能显得尤为重要.本文利用现有通用大型有限元软件MSC Patran/Nastran,基于参数化设计的思想,对深潜器主框架进行了两个方面的优化设计:首先在初步设计方案的基础上,应用有限元静力分析功能,对方案进行渐进结构拓扑优化;其次,对选定的方案,分别采用可行方向法、序列线性规划法和序列二次规划法这3种优化算法对主框架进行优化,并比较各优化方法的适用性,说明了对于复杂结构存在的目标函数多峰值现象.结果表明,通过参数驱动有限元优化能够显著减轻主框架的整体重量,使材料达到最大的利用效率,具有实用意义.     

深海石油平台锚桩承载力的研究

目前深海石油平台广泛采用桩基锚固形式,深海锚桩与浅海桩基的受力形式存在较大差异。采用三维有限元软件模拟深海锚桩的受力情况,重点分析深海锚桩在受缆索斜向拉力作用时,不同加载角度和系泊点位对桩基水平承载力和竖向抗拔承载力的影响,可供深海石油平台设计研发参考。