The association of the population recruitment of gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus, with Mississippi River discharge

Gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus, which constitutes a major industrial reduction fishery in the USA, spawn across the northern Gulf of Mexico with a focus of spawning about the Mississippi Delta. This species is estuarine dependent; adults spawn over the continental shelf and their larvae are transported, by mechanisms that are presently not well understood, to estuarine nursery areas. Larval gulf menhaden, along with some other surface oriented larval fishes, appear to aggregate along the Mississippi River plume front, while evidence of the ecological consequences of this aggregation in terms of the feeding, growth, and survival of larvae is ambiguous. On an annual scale, Mississippi River discharge is negatively associated with numbers of half year old recruits. Discharge of the Mississippi River and the population recruitment of gulf menhaden may be plausibly linked through the action of the river's plume and its front on the shoreward transport of larvae. Greater river discharge results in an expansive plume that might project larvae farther offshore and prolong the shoreward transport of larvae. An indirect, decadal scale, positive response of recruitment and river discharge is possible, but not certain. Recruitment became elevated after 1975 when river discharge increased and became highly variable. This response might owe to enhanced primary and secondary production driven by nutrient influx from the Mississippi River.     

航行船舶在浅水水底引起的压力变化

航行船舶在水底引起的压力变化对其自身安全有重要影响。通过船池模型试验研究，总结出了航行船舶水底压力的分布规律，分析了负压峰值的影响因素，提出了水压场换算方法。在浅水、薄船条件下，忽略非线性影响，得到了船舶水压场的简化计算公式，计算结果较好地反映了试验结果的变化规律。     

Ramp meters on trial: Evidence from the Twin Cities metering holiday

Ramp meters in the Twin Cities have been the subject of a recent test of their effectiveness, involving turning them off for eight weeks. This paper analyzes the results with and without ramp metering for several representative freeways during the afternoon peak period. Seven performance measures: mobility, equity, productivity, consumers’ surplus, accessibility, travel time variation and travel demand responses are compared. It is found that ramp meters are particularly helpful for long trips relative to short trips. Ramp metering, while generally beneficial to freeway segments, may not improve trip travel times (including ramp delays). The reduction in travel time variation comprises another benefit from ramp meters. Non-work trips and work trips respond differently to ramp meters. The results are mixed, suggesting a more refined ramp control algorithm, which explicitly considers ramp delay, is in order.     

中国岩土分异规律及其对公路建设的影响

岩土条件对公路路基路面、桥涵、隧道等各类构造物的稳定性、耐久性、安全性、经济性影响显著。从公路工程角度提出了新的岩土类型划分,并在整理和参考大量相关图件的基础上,利用ArcGIS9.1编制了《中国公路岩土类型分布图》;进行了初步的公路岩土分区,运用大地构造学、公路工程地质等方面原理分析了中国公路岩土分异规律,并以黄土高原岩土区为例,阐述了岩土分异规律对公路建设的影响。认识公路岩土的分异规律,对公路建设乃至公路自然区划的研究具有一定的指导意义。     

兴隆水利枢纽运行后汉江下游枯水位变化及长江顶托关系调整

兴隆水利枢纽蓄水运行后,对坝下游枯水位、水位顶托关系等影响已初步显现。系统分析1970—2022年汉江下游水文站、水位站的流量与水位特征等变化。结果表明,汉江兴隆水利枢纽运行后,坝下游各站同流量的枯水位均表现为累积性下降态势,越向下游减幅越小。当汉川—汉口段和仙桃—汉口段水面比降分别低于0.020‰和0.025‰时,长江水位顶托作用显著影响汉川站及仙桃水文站的水位;当水面比降高于0.060‰和0.065‰时,长江水位顶托作用未影响汉川站水位和仙桃水文站。2013—2022年与2003—2012年相比,汉川—汉口段和仙桃—汉口段比降高于0.060‰和0.065‰的时间为增大态势,即2013—2022期间汉江和长江水情组合有利于汉江下游航道水深条件的稳定与发展。     

玻璃气体放电管与陶瓷气体放电管的纳秒脉冲响应特性比较

气体放电管是一种常见的浪涌防护器件。选取2种具有相同静态击穿电压的典型气体放电管（玻璃气体放电管（SPG）和陶瓷气体放电管（GDT））进行试验,研究两者在百纳秒级电磁脉冲作用下的效应特性及其影响因素,并对其电磁脉冲防护能力进行比较。结果表明：对于具有相同直流击穿电压参数的SPG和GDT,在响应时间要求一致时,SPG的动作电压更低;当施加的电压相同时,SPG的响应时间更短;在电流要求低于3 kA的场合, SPG更适用于纳秒级电磁脉冲防护,鉴于其低电容,尤其适于工作在高频段的天馈系统。     

DBD型低温等离子体放电功率影响因素研究

为深入理解介质阻挡放电特性,提高其运行效率,采用Q-VLissajous图形法对介质阻挡放电功率P进行测量,研究了外加激励峰值电压V、放电频率f、放电气隙lg、介质厚度ld等因素对介质阻挡放电功率的影响。试验结果表明,P随V的增大而增大;相同V时,提高f可增大P,且采用较大f的P随V的增长速度较快;P随lg的增加而提高,但lg不宜太大,否则热损耗增加,且易造成介质击穿;减小ld可提高P,为避免介质击穿,ld也不宜太小。     

考虑均衡性的城市轨道交通线路负荷水平评估研究

线路负荷水平的评价工作是优化运输组织方案的重要前提。首先,本文分析了采用单一均值性指标表征负荷水平不能体现线路内负荷分布偏差的问题。为此,从城市轨道交通线路客流与运输能力匹配的角度出发,以列车负荷为评价单元,建立包括负荷均值和标准差率二维指标的线路负荷水平评估模型。负荷均值指标考虑了各评价单元加权计算,以反映每个评价单元对线路负荷水平的贡献程度,标准差率指标表征负荷均衡性。模型分析得出,线路所有区间的运力同等规模变化不影响标准差率指标,相对提高大客流区间或大客流方向上的输送能力能够改善线路负荷的均衡性。算例分析表明：客流方向不均衡系数超过 1.4 时,应考虑运力优化措施以提高运输能力利用的均衡;组织列车大小交路方案和不成对行车模式,能够提高线路负荷的均衡程度。     

无坎宽顶堰流量系数的计算及讨论

通过采用二元非线性回归分析方法对多个数学模型进行分析,结合实测资料,得到了水利工程中无坎宽顶堰流量系数的经验公式,克服了查表法中需要通过多步直线内插带来的不便,更适合在水力计算中应用。     

海水电池用导电聚苯胺正极性能的研究

研究导电聚苯胺作为海水电池正极性能,通过与镁合金负极组成电池进行电性能实验,并与Mg/氯化银电池进行性能比较。结果表明导电聚苯胺作为海水电池正极具有较好的放电性能,其工作电压可达到1.2~1.35 V;导电聚苯胺自身的导电性使其在激活初始时期能在短时间内耐受较大电流;增加导电添加剂和减薄电极厚度后可增加Mg/导电聚苯胺电池的电压稳定时间;导电聚苯胺与聚四氟乙烯溶液(5%wt)比例在3.7:1~4:1时有利于正极成型。