Optimal funding allocation strategies for safety improvements on urban intersections

Urban intersections crashes cause significant economic loss. The safety management process undertaken by most states in the United States is referred to as Highway Safety Improvement Program and consists of three standardized steps: (i) identification of critical crash locations, (ii) development of countermeasures, and (iii) resource allocation among identified crash locations. Often these three steps are undertaken independently, with limited detail of each step at the state planning agencies. The literature review underlines the importance of the third step, and the lack of sophisticated tools available to state planning agencies for leveraging information obtained from the first two steps. Further, non-strategic approaches and unavailability of methods for evaluating policies may lead to sub-optimal funding allocation. This paper overcomes these limitations and proposes multiple optimal resource allocation strategies for improvements at urban intersections that maximize safety benefits, under budget and policy constraints. Proposed policy measures based on benefits maximization (economic competitiveness), equitable allocation (equity), and relaxation of mutually exclusiveness (multiple alternatives at one location) produce significantly different alternative and fund allocation. The proposed models are applied to selected intersections in four counties of southeast Michigan. Results reinforce the applicability of the strategies/policies and tools developed in this paper for safety project funding allocation on critical urban intersections.     

Development of a Human Use Objectives Framework for Integrated Management of the Eastern Scotian Shelf

Under the 1997 Oceans Act, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) is required to lead and facilitate the development of integrated management plans for Canada's oceans. One of the integrated management projects is the Eastern Scotian Shelf Integrated Management Initiative (ESSIM), through which DFO is working with a range of stakeholders to develop and implement an integrated ocean management plan for the eastern Scotian Shelf. As part of this Initiative, DFO has undertaken a program to develop a set of objectives and related indicators for ocean management. This includes the development of a framework, objectives, and indicators for human use of the resource including the social, economic, and institutional (governance) components of ocean management, areas that have received little attention internationally. This article provides some background to ESSIM and human uses of the resources of the eastern Scotian Shelf; briefly reviews objectives-based management and human use objectives internationally; outlines the process undertaken to develop the Human Use Objectives Framework; presents the resultant objectives and indicators that were developed; and highlights some of the lessons learned and challenges for their implementation.     

C4ISR系统信息质量对作战效果的影响分析

明确C4ISR系统信息质量对作战效果的影响是当前研究的热点与前沿问题。在介绍信息质量相关概念的基础上,研究C4ISR系统信息在物理域、信息域和认知域的转换过程以及转换过程中的信息质量度量方法。以对抗双方作战单位剩余数量为作战效果度量指标,从信息质量的完整性、正确性和精确性的指标入手,构建单兵种对单兵种条件下和多兵种对多兵种条件下的Lanchester方程,给出一般条件下的求解方法,由此形成C4ISR系统信息质量对作战效果的影响分析方法框架。     

Lessons Learned from ICOM Initiatives in Canada and China

Practical experience derived from current and developing integrated coastal and ocean management (ICOM) initiatives around the world demonstrates that these collaborative and integrated approaches to managing coastal and ocean resources are strongly influenced by various contextual factors including political, administrative, institutional, social, economic, and cultural. A comparative evaluation of two such ICOM initiatives—off the east coasts of Canada and China, respectively—provides valuable insights into how these factors play in the development, implementation, and success of these initiatives in two different settings. The evaluation framework developed and applied in this research focuses on evaluations of governance performance and management capacity, and applies both process- and progress-oriented indicators. Key findings include: (1) The Eastern Scotian Shelf Integrated Management (ESSIM) Initiative focuses on the participatory approach that emphasizes equity and consensus among stakeholders, whereas the Bohai Sea Sustainable Development and Environmental Management (BSSDEM) Program benefits greatly from a comprehensive approach that integrates different governments/departments and bridges among stakeholders; (2) management approaches to ICOM strongly depend on the program objectives/priorities and local circumstances. Moreover, a total of thirteen recommendations are provided for the purposes of strengthening on-going programs and replicating success at a larger scale.     

Investigation of the use of smartphone applications for trip planning and travel outcomes

This paper explores the use of smartphone applications for trip planning and travel outcomes using data derived from a survey conducted in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 2015. The study provides empirical evidence of relationships of smartphone use for trip planning (e.g. departure time, destination, mode choice, coordinating trips and performing tasks online) and resulting travel outcomes (e.g. vehicle kilometers traveled, social gathering, new place visits, and group trips) and associated factors. Several sets of factors such as socio-economic characteristics and travel characteristics are tested and interpreted. Results suggest that smartphone applications mostly influence younger individuals’ trip planning decisions. Transit pass owners are the frequent users of smartphone applications for trip planning. Findings suggest that transit pass owners commonly use smartphone applications for deciding departure times and mode choices. The study also identifies the limited impact of smartphone application use on reducing travel outcomes, such as vehicle kilometers traveled. The highest impact is in visiting new places (a 48.8% increase). The study essentially offers an original in-depth understanding of how smartphone applications are affecting everyday travel.     

板式蒸馏造水机产水量优化研究

文章根据某远洋船舶出现板式蒸馏造水机产水量明显降低的问题进行分析研究,首先分析了该板式蒸馏造水机的工作原理和影响产水量的因素,根据该船的实际情况提出了解决措施,最后提出了板式蒸馏造水机的运行管理经验。     

锰作业男工妻子妊娠结局的调查研究

为评价锰对接触男工妻子妊娠结局的影响，对314名接触工人和314名非接触工人进行了调查。结果表明，74个作业点的209 个空气MnO2样品的几何平均质量浓度为0.145（0.002－9.340)mg/m^3，作业点和样品的超标率分别为47.3％和40.2％。接触组和对照组的早产、自然流产、死胎死产、低体重儿、新生儿死亡、围产儿死亡和出生缺陷发生率未见显著性差异，接触组自然流产、死胎死产、低体重儿、围产儿死亡和出生缺陷的RR和95％CI依次是1.5(0.7-3.0)、2.2(0.6-8.9)、1.5(0.7-3.1)、2.0(0.6-6.6)和4.6(0.5-39.3)。     

超对策模型中结局偏好模糊认知信息的融合

提出了一种新的超对策结局偏好模糊认知信息的融合方法.用一种模糊集结算子来表示专家群体对其他局中人结局偏好的模糊认知,通过求解线性规划模型得到结局偏好群体模糊认知的水平截集;以与模糊数的截集相关的解模糊函数和Newton-Cotes积分公式,得到专家群体对其他局中人结局偏好清晰认知的关系矩阵;运用大多数一致性优胜者模糊集来确定其他局中人的结局偏好向量.给出的数值例子说明了文中提出方法的有效性.     

"更加注重社会公平"的经济学解读

党的十六届五中全会提出在分配上要"更加注重社会公平",这一提法是建立在对公平的更全面、更深刻的理解的基础之上的。"更加注重社会公平"强调通过市场机制及制度的完善来保证机会的公平,机会的公平会带来贡献律意义上的结果公平,这会进一步提高经济效率。对于平均律意义上的公平我们仍然要兼顾。因此,我们认为,"更加注重社会公平"是对"效率优先、兼顾公平"这一分配原则的发展。     

基于“PDCA”循环模式的安全原理课程改革

《安全原理》是安全工程专业的专业核心课程,课程教学模式对安全工程的人才的培养质量有着举足轻重的作用。本文在分析课程的特点和现状的基础上,结合本校的办学定位、专业人才培养目标和生源情况,以岗位需求为出发点,以专业核心能力为成果导向,对教学过程的每部分应用PDCA循环法教学,制定授课计划阶段、实施阶段、检查阶段和处理阶段,及时发现教学实施阶段中存在的问题,为进一步提高教学质量提供依据。通过课程资源建设、课程内容重构、教学方法改革、考核方式改革等多方面提高学生的学习效果。