运营期高速铁路轨道长波不平顺静态测量方法及控制标准

现有高速铁路轨道长波不平顺静态检测主要采用矢距差法或简化矢距差法,存在与检测起点相关、含有里程相位差、基础变形时检测幅值偏大、与车体振动加速度匹配性较差等缺点。利用中点弦测法对轨道长波不平顺进行静态检测,通过对中点弦测法不同测弦长度有效测量波长范围和列车敏感波长分析,采用60 m测弦长度的中点弦测法最适合时速300~350 km运营期高速铁路;利用车辆-轨道动力学仿真分析和最小二乘法拟合相结合方法,提出运营期高速铁路300及350 km·h^-1速度下的轨道长波高低不平顺控制标准,并进行实例验证。结果表明:60 m弦中点弦测法既可保证轨道长波不平顺检测的准确性,又能很好地体现车体振动响应;时速300 km运营期高速铁路轨道长波高低不平顺3级控制标准建议值分别为9,15,21 mm;时速350 km分别为7,11,15 mm。     

绿色港湾建设

结合国内外10大著名港口实例,从规划设计、结构选型、使用年限确定、旧有建筑物的改造和再利用、提高环保理念和健全法规等方面,论述了＂绿色港湾＂建设的必要性和可行性,以探研绿色港湾建设及其相关概念,并提出建议。可供规划设计人员参考。     

车辆转向架前端加装弧形导流槽对转向架积雪结冰情况的影响

通过空气动力学仿真分析和风洞试验,研究车辆转向架前端加装弧形防风雪导流槽对车辆转向架积雪区域空气动力学性能的影响,以及对转向架区域积雪结冰情况的影响。研究发现:在车辆转向架前端安装弧形防风雪导流槽,可以减少气流对转向架区域的直接冲击;可增加底部气体流速,使夹带雪花颗粒的气流快速通过转向架区域;空气流经导流槽发生明显下扬,使原空气流线在进入转向架区域时发生的上扬现象消失;安装弧形导流槽对整个转向架区域的积雪情况有明显改善作用。     

铁路建设项目施工期环境监测指标体系的探讨

施工期的生态保护与环境污染控制是铁路建设项目环境保护工作的重点。开展铁路建设项目施工期环境监测,用现场监测数据来定量分析说明环境问题,可以为指导施工、保护环境及预防环境污染事故提供重要的技术手段。铁路建设项目施工期监测须在环境监测工作规划及监测技术支持下,全面考虑水环境、声环境、大气环境、生态环境的多种环境要素,选取适当的指标,制定出一套既规范而又科学的指标体系,用于指导和开展施工期的环境监测工作,以准确地反映施工期的环境变化及存在的环境问题。     

基于拉姆塞定价理论的城市轨道交通多时段定价模型研究

针对城市轨道交通早晚客流高峰现象,从研究国内外轨道交通的票价制定现状入手,分析了多时段定价在城市轨道交通中实施的必要性。介绍了高峰定价法在城市轨道交通票价制定中的适用性与合理性,根据城市轨道交通不同时段的客流特点引入时间权重系数,在拉姆塞定价理论的基础上建立城市轨道交通的多时段定价模型,并通过算例验证其适用性,同时也为我国城市轨道交通票价制定提出了建议。     

成都的城市景观——传统与未来

~~成都的城市景观——传统与未来@郑小明$成都市规划设计研究院!四川成都610015~~~~     

江苏省交通事故时间分布分析

根据江苏省有关交通事故数据,利用统计方法对交通事故发生的时间特征进行分析。通过分析交通事故年时间分布规律的波峰曲线,得出江苏省交通事故发生数量开始振荡变化,逐年上升的势头有望于近期遏制。通过分析交通事故、月、周、小时时间分布曲线,得出交通事故高峰小时出现在交通量高峰小时之后的9~12h、14~16h,两者不重合。死亡高峰时段(危险时段)多发生在18~21h的3h内。研究结论对不同时间内如何采取不同的安全对策来降低江苏省交通事故具有指导作用。     

荷兰海军APAR多功能雷达系统及其开发经验

为充分发挥多功能优势,APAR雷达采用了高效控制手段,对雷达信号收/发时间和能量进行综合管理,综合平衡二者系统资源开支。APAR雷达波形设计还综合考虑了包括作战需求、接收信号特征、技术特征和参数等在内的各种因素。APAR雷达在系统设计、系统工程、详细设计与评估测试等方面均进行了总体规划,并很好地吸收了已有的技术积累,保证了系统最终成功。     

Autonomous cars: The tension between occupant experience and intersection capacity

Systems that enable high levels of vehicle-automation are now beginning to enter the commercial marketplace. Road vehicles capable of operating independently of real-time human control under an increasing set of circumstances will likely become more widely available in the near future. Such vehicles are expected to bring a variety of benefits. Two such anticipated advantages (relative to human-driver vehicle control) are said to be increased road network capacity and the freeing up of the driver-occupant’s time to engage in their choice of leisurely or economically-productive (non-driving) tasks.In this study we investigate the implications for intersection capacity and level-of-service of providing occupants of automated (without real-time human control), autonomously-operating (without vehicle-to-X communication) cars with ride quality that is equivalent (in terms of maximum rates of longitudinal and lateral acceleration) to two types of rail systems: [urban] light rail transit and [inter-urban] high-speed rail. The literature suggests that car passengers start experiencing discomfort at lower rates of acceleration than car drivers; it is therefore plausible that occupants of an autonomously-operating vehicle may wish to instruct their vehicle to maneuver in a way that provides them greater ride comfort than if the vehicle-control algorithm simply mimicked human-driving-operation.On the basis of traffic microsimulation analysis, we found that restricting the dynamics of autonomous cars to the acceleration/deceleration characteristics of both rail systems leads to reductions in a signalized intersection’s vehicle-processing capacity and increases in delay. The impacts were found to be larger when constraining the autonomous cars’ dynamics to the more-restrictive acceleration/deceleration profile of high-speed rail. The scenarios we analyzed must be viewed as boundary conditions, because autonomous cars’ dynamics were by definition never allowed to exceed the acceleration/deceleration constraints of the rail systems. Appropriate evidence regarding motorists’ preferences does not exist at present; establishing these preferences is an important item for the future research agenda.This paper concludes with a brief discussion of research needs to advance this line of inquiry.