Time-series analysis of remote-sensed chlorophyll and environmental factors in the Santa Monica–San Pedro Basin off Southern California

The time-series of remote-sensed surface chlorophyll concentration measured by SeaWiFS radiometer from September 1997 to December 2001 and the relevant hydrological and meteorological factors (remote-sensed sea surface temperature, atmospheric precipitation, air temperature and wind stress) in Santa Monica Bay and adjacent waters off southern California were analyzed using wavelet and cross-correlation statistical methods. All parameters exhibited evident seasonal patterns of variation. Wavelet analysis revealed salient long-term variations most evident in air temperature during El Niño 1997–1998 and in wind stress during La Niña 1998–1999. Short-period (<100 days) variations of remote-sensed chlorophyll biomass were mostly typical to spring seasons. Chlorophyll biomass was significantly correlated with air temperature and wind stress: an increase of chlorophyll biomass followed with 5–6-day time lag an increase of wind stress accompanied by a simultaneous decrease of air temperature. The mechanism of these variations was an intensification of phytoplankton growth resulting from the mixing of water column by wind stress and entrainment of nutrients into the euphotic layer.     

公路工程监理与国际惯例的差距探讨

通过对我国公路工程监理和国际惯例的比较，指出了我国公路工程监理机制与国际惯例的差距，并提出了解决问题的建议。     

高坝枢纽新建通航建筑物轴线及通航条件研究

针对山区已建高坝枢纽新建通航建筑物轴线布置受河道窄、水头高、电站泄流及已有建筑物影响等条件限制的问题,依托贵州清水江白市水电站枢纽新建通航建筑物工程,采用1∶100正态整体水工模型与自航遥控船模相结合的技术手段,对多条轴线布置方案进行通航水流条件及船舶航行操控研究与优化。试验结果表明,右岸轴线布置方案通航水流条件及船舶航行状态均较好,为推荐方案。研究成果解决了工程关键问题,可供类似已建高坝水利枢纽新建或扩建通航建筑物工程参考借鉴。     

境外铁路工程项目建设条件研究

近年来,我国铁路发展所取得的辉煌成就在国际上产生了重大影响,主动提出希望中国铁路参与其国内铁路工程建设的国家越来越多。中国铁路实施"走出去"发展战略,扩大了我国对外影响力和竞争力。此文结合笔者参加巴西、缅甸、哈萨克斯坦等国家铁路工程建设项目的设计研究工作的体会和经验,从相关法律法规、基建程序、资源条件等方面研究承担境外铁路工程建设项目应具备的建设条件。为今后承担境外铁路工程建设提供借鉴。     

极端荷载作用下公路桥梁荷载概率模型研究

我国桥梁设计规范中对极端荷载组合系数没有明确的规定,在以结构可靠度为基础的概率极限状态设计法中,由于公路桥梁各种作用比较多且大多随时间变化的范围比较大,各种作用的组合也比较复杂,所以必须选择合理的概率模型才能保证计算出真实合理的结构可靠度。通过查阅文献并结合WIM系统统计的车辆数据分析,建立了公路桥梁永久荷载及其效应概率分布模型;基于Matlab软件,在汽车车重总体服从多峰分布的基础上对实测数据进行训练拟合,建立了汽车荷载效应的概率模型并确定了汽车荷载分级加载方式,为公路桥梁可靠度研究和求解极端荷载组合系数奠定了基础。     

基于挠度理论的自锚式悬索桥受力特性分析

基于挠度理论,分析了矢跨比、边中跨比、加劲梁竖向抗弯刚度、加劲梁纵坡和整体升降温对两塔三跨自锚式悬索桥结构受力特性的影响。此外,还讨论了加劲梁在轴向压力作用下的稳定性及其极限跨径。分析结果表明：矢跨比越小,主缆拉力越大、加劲梁的轴向压力也越大,而结构的整体刚度越低;边中跨比越大,结构的整体刚度越低,加劲梁在轴向压力作用下的横向稳定性也越差;主缆抗拉刚度或者加劲梁的竖向抗弯刚度越大,结构的整体刚度越大;加劲梁纵坡和整体升降温对结构受力的影响通常较小,可以忽略不计;自锚式悬索桥的极限跨径由加劲梁的横向第一类失稳及其屈服强度共同控制。     

高职电子信息工程技术专业学生专业能力培养路径的研究与实践

对接电子信息产业人才需求,分析就业岗位工作任务、分解专业能力,在优化课程体系、增强实践教学、完善实践教学支撑体系、培养创新思维和教师队伍建设等方面,形成高职电子信息工程技术专业学生专业能力培养路径,并付之于实践,为电子信息产业培养具有较强专业能力的技术技能人才。     

Are French millenials less car-oriented? Literature review and empirical findings

Generation effects play a key role in shaping long-term trends in travel behaviors. Though cohorts born until the 1970s have been increasingly car-focused, a reversal of this trend was noticed among the millenials. Determining whether this break-in-trend resulted from changes in living conditions and economic difficulties, or demonstrates a shift in attitudes away from the car, is critical to future travel trends. We bring a contribution to this debate in the French context, through a literature review followed by empirical findings, using the French Base of Local Household Travel Surveys. Through age-cohort analysis, we find evidence of changing travel patterns among the millenials, taking the form of a shift from driving to transit, along with a decline of car ownership. However, travel attitudes of the millenials play little role, as they do not differ substantially from their elders. Besides, we show that generation effects disappear once a large number of structural factors are controlled for. It looks like the main driver of change in travel behaviors comes from a shift in residential patterns, in relation with longer studies and a delayed entrance into the workforce, and possibly because of increasing work pressure, degraded transport conditions and changes in residential attitudes and desired lifestyles. In the end, these assumptions should be further explored, along with complementary research tracks, including the role of economic factors, the effects of learning experience, as well as heterogeneity in travel patterns, in relation with issues of social and spatial equity.     

A traffic-condition-based route guidance strategy for a single destination road network

Most of existing route guidance strategies achieves user optimal equilibrium by comparing travel time. Measuring travel time, however, might be uneasy on an urban road network. To contend with the issue, the paper mainly considers easily obtained inflow and outflow of a link and road capacity as input, and proposes a route guidance strategy for a single destination road network based on the determination of free-flow or congested conditions on alternative routes. An extended strategy for a complex network and a feedback approximation for avoiding forecast are further explored. Weaknesses of the strategy are also explicitly analyzed. To test the strategy, simulation investigations are conducted on two networks with multiple parallel routes. The results indicate that the strategy is able to provide stable splitting rates and to approximate user optimal equilibrium in different conditions, in particular when traffic demand is high. This strategy has potential to be applied in an urban road network due to its simplicity and easily obtained input data. The strategy is also applicable for single destination if some alternatives and similar routes are available.